ArticleFrontiers in cell and developmental biology2026
Longitudinal changes in the phenotypic profile of circulating extracellular vesicles in healthy individuals.
Article in Frontiers in cell and developmental biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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7 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as valuable biomarkers in clinical diagnostics. Yet, the natural biological variation in EV concentration and phenotype among healthy individuals and across longitudinal time points remains insufficiently characterized, complicating interpretation and reproducibility in biomarker studies. Objective: To assess longitudinal (day-to-day and week-to-week) intra-individual and inter-individual variation in circulating EVs from healthy donors using complementary analytical platforms. Methods: Blood samples were collected longitudinally from four healthy female donors over 5 consecutive days and across 6 weeks. EVs were analyzed using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), high-resolution flow cytometry (hFCM) targeting 3 surface markers, and the EV Array targeting 23 surface markers. Blood cell counts were also measured to explore correlations with EV profiles. Results: Significant longitudinal intra- and inter-individual variation was observed in EV concentrations and marker expression. CD9-positive EVs were consistently the most abundant across both antibody-based methods, while CD63 Conclusion: This exploratory study underscores the dynamic nature of EV profiles in healthy individuals and highlights the need for standardized reference ranges and harmonized methodologies. Without accounting for biological and technical variability, EV-based biomarker studies risk misinterpretation and compromised reproducibility.
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