ReviewFrontiers in oral health2026
Antimicrobial resistance in dental unit waterlines: a scoping review of microbial diversity, resistance patterns, and knowledge gaps.
Review in Frontiers in oral health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health threat, and dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) may contribute to AMR, as DUWLs provide ideal conditions for biofilm development and growth of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms. However, the microorganisms involved and their resistance patterns in DUWLs remains unclear. This scoping review aimed to map the available evidence on antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms in DUWLs and characterize resistance patterns. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search across the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases up to March 2026. Studies that reported the isolation of microorganisms from DUWLs and AMR using phenotypic methods and/or genotypic detection of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) were included. Data were extracted and summarized descriptively. Results: A total of 18 studies were included. Most studies analyzed DUWL water samples and reported bacterial isolates, particularly Gram-negative organisms such as Conclusion: DUWLs can become sources of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms. However, the current evidence remains limited due to methodological variability and insufficient genotypic data. Future research should integrate both phenotypic and genotypic approaches, include biofilm-specific analyses, and evaluate the impact of DUWL management and antimicrobial stewardship strategies within a One Health framework. Scoping Review Registration: Open Science Framework (OSF) https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/P3X5D.
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