Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42405787›Full record

ArticleMicrobiology spectrum2026

Systematic establishment of approaches to the detection of equine macrophage polarization and their application in pathogenic infection.

Kewei Chen, Cheng Du, Yingyi Duan, Kui Guo, Diqiu Liu, Fengxue Wang, Xiaojun Wang, Yongjun Wen

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Microbiology spectrum, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Kewei Chen *Key Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.ORCID 0009-0000-3648-9870
Cheng Du *State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.ORCID 0000-0002-1686-6189
Yingyi Duan *State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
Kui GuoState Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.ORCID 0000-0001-6274-1857
Diqiu LiuState Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
Fengxue WangKey Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.ORCID 0000-0003-4758-4624
Xiaojun WangState Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.ORCID 0000-0003-4521-4099
Yongjun WenKey Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Macrophage phenotypic adaptation critically regulates inflammatory balance during infection; however, progress in equine immunology has been limited by a lack of specific tools for standardized identification. To address this gap, we established a reliable, antibody-based detection method for characterizing equine macrophage M1-like and M2-like marker profiles. After initially validating canonical marker genes via qPCR, we developed specific monoclonal antibodies targeting the differentially expressed surface proteins CD80 (M1-like) and CD163 (M2-like). These novel antibodies enabled the creation of a multi-modal detection approach combining flow cytometry, western blotting, and qPCR. Applying this methodology

Indexed as

Horse DiseasesMacrophagesAnimalsAntibodies, MonoclonalAntigens, CDAntigens, Differentiation, MyelomonocyticB7-1 AntigenBiomarkersCD163 AntigenFlow CytometryHerpesvirus 1, EquidHorsesHost-Pathogen InteractionsInfectious Anemia Virus, EquineMacrophage ActivationReceptors, Cell SurfaceAntibodies, MonoclonalAntigens, CDAntigens, Differentiation, MyelomonocyticB7-1 AntigenBiomarkersCD163 AntigenReceptors, Cell SurfaceCD163CD80EAVEHVEIAVequine macrophagesinfectionmacrophage polarization

Identifiers

PMID42405787
PMCPMC13436364

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.