Evidence mapPaperPMID 42406913Full record

ArticleJMIR research protocols2026

Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Screening for Patients With Diabetic Retinopathy and Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Family Medicine and Geriatric and Gerontology Care: Protocol for a Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial.

Bo-I Kuo, Ting-Ann Wang, Teresa Cheng-Chieh Chu, Ding-Cheng Chan, Shao-Yi Cheng, Chia-Ti Tsai, Chu-Lin Tsai, Yi-Chia Lee, Chiuan-Jung Chen, Wei-Li Chen and 8 more

Abstract readClinical Trial Protocol
In one paragraph

Article in JMIR research protocols, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Bo-I Kuo *Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-5208-2292
Ting-Ann Wang *Integrative Medical Data Center, Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6261-8541
Teresa Cheng-Chieh ChuIntegrative Medical Data Center, Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8682-5825
Ding-Cheng ChanDepartment of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2215-2243
Shao-Yi ChengDepartment of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2224-4140
Chia-Ti TsaiDepartment of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4853-8665
Chu-Lin TsaiIntegrative Medical Data Center, Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-1513
Yi-Chia LeeIntegrative Medical Data Center, Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8160-1216
Chiuan-Jung ChenInformation Technology Office, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-5418-6507
Wei-Li ChenDepartment of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan, 886 2-2312-3456 ext 265018.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1538-2414
John Tayu LeeInstitute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1551-4923
Chia-Ying TsaiDepartment of Ophthalmology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2166-4458
Patrick Yan-Tyng LiuDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Min Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0907-6207
Chi-Yang ChangSchool of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6936-5142
Chia-Ter ChaoDivision of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2892-7986
Jia-Horng KaoDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2442-7952
Yi-Ting HsiehDepartment of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan, 886 2-2312-3456 ext 265018.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2258-154X
Collaborators of AI Ophthalmology Research GroupSee Acknowledgments.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are 2 of the leading causes of vision loss worldwide. As population aging and diabetes prevalence increase, timely detection of these conditions has become essential. However, limited professionalism and insufficient training in ophthalmic screening among general medicine physicians may lead to delayed diagnosis and treatment. Artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted diagnostic tools may help to improve the screening of DR and AMD in routine clinical practice. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of AI-assisted fundus imaging for DR and AMD screening in adults with diabetes and older adults at risk of macular degeneration. Methods: This multicenter, 2-arm, parallel-group, open-label, individual-level randomized controlled trial and patient recruitment are performed at the settings of Family Medicine and Geriatric and Gerontology Care over 4 medical centers in Taiwan. Eligibility includes (1) diabetic individuals aged ≥20 years for DR screening, and (2) individuals aged ≥50 years for AMD screening. The study protocol has been approved by the ethics committees of all participating hospitals, and all participants will provide written informed consent. Results: The study was funded in September 2024, began on October 2, 2025, and is expected to be completed in December 2027. After the pilot implementation phase without randomization, participants will be randomized 1:1 into two groups: (1) AI-assisted screening, and (2) usual physician-only screening. The primary outcomes will include the detection rates (defined as participants with confirmed DR or AMD among all screened participants) and the positive predictive values (defined as participants with confirmed DR or AMD among those who tested positive). Cost-effectiveness analyses will be performed using data derived from the trial results. Conclusions: This study will provide robust evidence on the effectiveness of AI-assisted ophthalmic screening in improving patient eye health outcomes through timely screening and accurate early detection. This strategy may be cost-effective.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceDiabetic RetinopathyMacular DegenerationMass ScreeningAgedCost-Effectiveness AnalysisFamily PracticeFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedMulticenter Studies as TopicPragmatic Clinical Trials as TopicRandomized Controlled Trials as Topicage-related macular degenerationartificial intelligencecost-effectivenessdiabetic retinopathyfundus photographyrandomized controlled trialscreening

Identifiers

PMID42406913
PMCPMC13335949

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.