Evidence mapPaperPMID 42410191Full record

ArticleAesthetic plastic surgery2026

Effectiveness of a rhGM-CSF-Containing Gel on Promoting Wound Healing After 1927-nm Fractional Thulium Fiber Laser Treatment of Atrophic Acne Scars: A Prospective, Randomized, Split-Face, and Evaluator-Blinded Clinical Trial.

Yuxin Ma, Chunzhi Qi, Jing Liu, Ziyun Gao, Hongshan Liu, Youbao Li, Bin Chen, Weihui Zeng

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Article in Aesthetic plastic surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Yuxin Ma *Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xi Wu Road, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China.
Chunzhi Qi *Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xi Wu Road, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China.
Jing LiuDepartment of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xi Wu Road, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China.
Ziyun GaoDepartment of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xi Wu Road, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China.
Hongshan LiuDepartment of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xi Wu Road, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China.
Youbao LiDepartment of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xi Wu Road, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China.
Bin ChenState Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xi Wu Road, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China. chenbin@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.
Weihui ZengDepartment of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xi Wu Road, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China. whzeng88@163.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-7663-6112

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 52036007National Natural Science Foundation of China 81172590National Natural Science Foundation of China 82003325Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province 2020SF-178Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical Development Fund XJYG2025-SFJJ039Xi'an Science and Technology Plan Project 2023JH-YXYB-0009
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAtrophic acne scars (AAS) is one of the most common skin sequelae following acne vulgaris. Fractional laser has shown great therapeutic potential in recent years, but there is no recognized wound care standard after laser resurfacing. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has shown its value in many other acute wounds healing. Here, we investigated the efficacy and safety of topical recombinant human GM-CSF after 1927-nm fractional thulium fiber laser (TFL) in AAS treatment.

methods30 patients were enrolled and treated with TFL, then randomly assigned to rhGM-CSF-containing gel for 7 days or no intervention on each side. Photos, melanin index (MI), erythema index (EI), hydration, transepidermal water loss and improvement of lesions were assessed at 0, 3, 7, 14, 30 and 60 days.

results27 patients finally completed the study. Compared to TFL monotherapy, topical rhGM-CSF-containing gel significantly reduced duration of scabbing and skin erythema, and showed milder EI one week after TFL. MI on the rhGM-CSF side exhibited more pronounced decrease at the first and second months after TFL. Patients reported significant differences in sensations of burning, dryness and scabbing between two sides. Both sides yielded improvements in acne scars relative to baseline assessments, but no difference between them.

conclusionThe combination of TFL and topical rhGM-CSF-containing gel showed significantly superior outcomes, manifesting as accelerated wound healing, improved postoperative patient comfort, and a reduced incidence of post-laser pigmentation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Indexed as

Atrophic acne scarsFractional thulium fiber laserGranulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factorWound healing

Identifiers

PMID42410191

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.