SynthesisMedicine2026
Continuous subcutaneous levodopa and foslevodopa infusion therapy for motor symptoms of Parkinson disease: A systematic review of observational studies.
Synthesis in Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Continuous infusion therapy after deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease: indications, outcomes, and patient selection.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundParkinson disease affects approximately 6.1 million people worldwide. Although levodopa remains the most effective symptomatic therapy, long-term oral treatment commonly leads to motor fluctuations and dyskinesias that impair quality of life. Continuous subcutaneous levodopa infusion therapies have emerged as less-invasive strategies to provide continuous dopaminergic stimulation and reduce motor complications.
methodsThis systematic review evaluated the efficacy and safety of continuous subcutaneous levodopa infusion therapies, including ND0612 and foslevodopa/foscarbidopa (ABBV-951), in advanced Parkinson disease (APD). Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched from inception to April 2026. Observational studies assessing continuous subcutaneous levodopa infusion in adults with APD and motor fluctuations were included. Ten studies comprising 867 patients met the inclusion criteria.
resultsAcross studies with follow-up up to 36 months, continuous subcutaneous infusion reduced daily OFF time by approximately 2.0 to 3.5 hours and increased ON time without troublesome dyskinesia. Quality of life scores improved by 5.6 to 10.8 points on Parkinson Disease Questionnaire measures. Infusion-site reactions (ISRs) were the most common adverse events, occurring in 42% to 92% of patients, though most were mild to moderate. Severe ISRs leading to discontinuation occurred in 5% to 12% of patients. ABBV-951 demonstrated numerically lower ISR rates than ND0612 in real-world settings. Systemic adverse events were generally comparable to oral levodopa therapy.
conclusionObservational evidence supports continuous subcutaneous levodopa infusion therapies as effective options for reducing motor fluctuations in APD, with sustained benefits reported up to 36 months. ISRs remain the principal tolerability concern, but severe discontinuation-related events are uncommon. Further comparative and long-term studies are needed to better define safety, efficacy, and real-world applicability across diverse populations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.