ArticleMedicine2026
Association between oral microbiome diversity and cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome in US adults: Analysis of NHANES 2009 to 2012.
Article in Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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4 authors.
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Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the association between oral microbiome alpha diversity and the severity of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome among US adults. Emerging evidence suggests that the oral microbiome may influence systemic cardiometabolic health; however, its relationship with integrated CKM syndrome remains unclear. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of adults aged ≥20 years from the 2009 to 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationally representative survey of the US population, including participants with available oral microbiome data (n = 4834). Alpha diversity was assessed using observed amplicon sequence variants richness, Faith's phylogenetic diversity Shannon index, and Simpson index. CKM syndrome was classified into 5 stages (0-4), with advanced CKM defined as stages 3-4, representing subclinical or clinical cardiovascular disease and/or significant kidney involvement. Weighted multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Higher oral microbiome diversity was consistently associated with lower odds of advanced CKM. In fully adjusted models, each unit increase in observed amplicon sequence variants was associated with a 2% lower odds of advanced CKM (odds ratio = 0.98, 95% confidence interval = 0.97-1.00). Participants in the highest tertile of diversity had 10% to 12% lower odds of advanced CKM compared with the lowest tertile across diversity indices, with significant trends. Associations were consistent across demographic and clinical subgroups. Greater oral microbial diversity was inversely associated with advanced CKM syndrome in US adults. These findings support a potential association between oral microbial ecology and integrated cardiometabolic-renal health, although longitudinal and mechanistic studies are required to clarify temporality and causality.
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