Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42411568›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2026

Patient-derived forebrain cortical organoids reveal biphasic tau-MAP6-microtubule axis dysfunction in tauopathy.

Xiaohuan Sun, Skandha Ramakrishnan, Victor C Ogbolu, Nicholas M Kanaan, Celeste M Karch, Peter W Baas, Liang Qiang

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Xiaohuan SunDepartment of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Skandha RamakrishnanDepartment of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Victor C OgboluDepartment of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Nicholas M KanaanDepartment of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Michigan, USA.
Celeste M KarchDepartment of Psychiatry and Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
Peter W BaasDepartment of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Liang QiangDepartment of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Funding

Alzheimer's Association 24AARG-D-1191264(LQ)CURE program from Drexel University College of Medicine SAP#4100083087(LQ)Lisa Dean Moseley Foundation ResearchGrant(LQ)NIA NIH HHS P30AG066444(CK)NIA NIH HHS R01NS082730(NK)NIA NIH HHS R21AG068597(PB)NINDS NIH HHS R01NS110890-02(CK)NINDS NIH HHS R01NS115977(LQ)Rainwater Charitable Organization (CK)U.S. Department of Defense W81XWH2110189(PB)
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionIn frontotemporal dementia (FTD), tau detaches from axonal microtubules and forms pathological aggregates. Rather than stabilizing microtubules, tau promotes labile microtubule domains, redefining its role in neurodegeneration and underscoring the need for human models that capture temporal disease progression.

methodsHuman induced pluripotent stem cells carrying MAPT

resultsEarly-phase tau mutant organoids showed elevated tau, hyperdynamic microtubules, and neuronal hyperexcitability, partially reversible by tau reduction. Late-phase organoids exhibited insoluble tau accumulation, microtubule hyperstability, and neurodegeneration and reactive astrocytes, accompanied by opposing, phase-dependent MAP6 changes. DISCUSSION: This work reveals a biphasic tau-MAP6-microtubule mechanism driving tauopathy and establishes these organoids as a platform for phase-specific therapy.

Indexed as

Microtubule-Associated ProteinsMicrotubulesOrganoidsProsencephalonTauopathiestau ProteinsHumansInduced Pluripotent Stem CellsNeuronsMAPT protein, humanMicrotubule-Associated Proteinstau Proteinscortical organoidsMAP6microtubuletautauopathy

Identifiers

PMID42411568
PMCPMC13338887

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.