Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42411999›Full record

ArticleDiabetes care2026

Type 1 Diabetes Driven by Residual Recipient T Cells After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: A Case Report.

Martin A Thelin, Soohee Cho, Aïsha Callebaut, Hai Nguyen, Stephen E Gitelman, Sandhya Kharbanda, Mark S Anderson, Eddie A James

Abstract readCase Reports
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes care, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Martin A ThelinDiabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
Soohee ChoDivision of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Intermountain Primary Children's Hospital, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.
Aïsha CallebautBenaroya Research Institute, Center for Translational Immunology, Seattle, WA.
Hai NguyenBenaroya Research Institute, Center for Translational Immunology, Seattle, WA.
Stephen E GitelmanDiabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
Sandhya KharbandaDivision of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology & Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
Mark S AndersonDiabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
Eddie A JamesBenaroya Research Institute, Center for Translational Immunology, Seattle, WA.ORCID 0000-0002-7217-5729

Funding

Diabetes-Docs: Physician-Scientist Career Development Program (DiabDocs)K12DK133995 · NIDDK · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI LINDA A DIMEGLIO, David Matthew Maahs · 2022 to 2026
$16.0M
Breakthrough T1D Advanced Postdoctoral FellowshipNIDDK NIH HHS K12 DK133995NIH HHS K12DK133995
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivePosttransplant type 1 diabetes (T1D) is typically attributed to transferred donor autoimmunity. We investigated a distinct etiology in a patient who developed diabetes following haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation, assessing whether autoimmunity originated from donor or residual host cells. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsLeveraging HLA disparity between the haploidentical donor and recipient, we used HLA class II tetramers to enumerate islet-specific CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood restricted by shared versus recipient-only HLA alleles.

resultsTetramer analysis revealed an expanded population of islet-specific T cells in the recipient. The donor showed no such expansion. Despite 99% donor T-cell chimerism, >80% of the islet-specific T cells were restricted by recipient-unique HLA alleles, suggesting they originated from the residual host fraction.

conclusionsT1D in this patient was most likely driven by residual recipient-derived T cells. Their survival despite myeloablative conditioning and repeated immunotherapy underscores the remarkable durability of established islet autoimmunity.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1Hematopoietic Stem Cell TransplantationT-LymphocytesHumans

Identifiers

PMID42411999
PMCPMC13493330

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.