Evidence mapPaperPMID 42412584Full record

ArticleMenopause (New York, N.Y.)2026

Menopause experience among people with criminal legal system involvement.

Anna M Leone, Amanda Emerson, Elana J Brotkin, Shivani Patel, Xinyang Li, Elizabeth J Geller, Jennifer Lorvick, Megha Ramaswamy, Andrea K Knittel

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Menopause (New York, N.Y.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Anna M LeoneDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.ORCID 0000-0001-7898-5522
Amanda EmersonUniversity of Kansas School of Nursing, Kansas City, KS.
Elana J BrotkinUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC.
Shivani PatelUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
Xinyang LiDepartment of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
Elizabeth J GellerDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
Jennifer LorvickRTI International, San Francisco, CA.
Megha RamaswamyDepartment of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
Andrea K KnittelDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.ORCID 0000-0002-4292-3255

Funding

Tri-City Cervical Cancer Prevention Study among Women in the Justice SystemR01CA226838 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS MEDICAL CENTER · PI Jason Edwin Glenn · 2021 to 2023
$1.7M
Advancing womens reproductive health through research: the UNC WRHR Career Development ProgramK12HD103085 · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · 2025 to 2025
$340k
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA226838NICHD NIH HHS K12 HD103085NIMHD NIH HHS R01 MD007679NIMHD NIH HHS R01 MD010439
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveWe aim to describe menopause symptom burden during and after incarceration for the growing population of women with a history of criminal legal system (CLS) involvement.

methodsWe used Menopause Rating Scale symptom data from the final year of a multiwave cohort of adult women with a history of CLS involvement in three US cities. We also used qualitative semistructured interview data about menopause treatment in the community from adult women from five US states who experienced menopause during their CLS involvement. Descriptive statistics and qualitative thematic analysis were used to triangulate findings.

resultsOf 507 women, 348 (68.8%) reported menstrual cycle data. The mean age was 46. Women were either premenopausal (n=151), early perimenopausal (n=25), late perimenopausal (n=10), or postmenopausal (n=162). Symptoms were common and differed by group. The most severe symptoms in premenopause, early perimenopause, late perimenopause, and postmenopause were joint pain (2.27, SD 1.12), sleep problems (2.44, SD 1.13), joint pain (2.80, SD 0.45), and hot flashes (2.42, SD 1.07), respectively. The qualitative analysis included 29 semistructured interviews focused on access to menopause treatment in the community during or after CLS involvement. Primary themes were logistical barriers (lack of provider, insurance/financial, transportation) and quality of care barriers (poor provider communication skills, lack of provider knowledge).

conclusionWomen with a history of CLS involvement commonly experience menopausal symptoms, some of which are severe. These symptoms are experienced in the context of CLS involvement that may amplify barriers to accessing care.

Indexed as

Barriers to careCriminal legal system involvementMenopause

Identifiers

PMID42412584
PMCPMC13344161

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.