Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42413425›Full record

ArticleThe journal of physiological sciences : JPS2026

Effects of empagliflozin alone and in combination with exercise on the soleus muscle in obese type 2 diabetic rats.

Kazuho Inoue, Saori Sekiguchi, Yuji Ogura, Seiko Hoshino, Kimie Katayama, Junko Asano, Takayuki Akagi, Junko Igarashi-Migitaka, Shiika Watanabe, Yoshio Nagai and 3 more

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In one paragraph

Article in The journal of physiological sciences : JPS, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Kazuho InoueDepartment of Anatomy, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
Saori SekiguchiMedicine Division, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
Yuji OguraMedicine Division, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
Seiko HoshinoDepartment of Anatomy, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
Kimie KatayamaDivision of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
Junko AsanoDivision of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
Takayuki AkagiDepartment of Anatomy, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
Junko Igarashi-MigitakaDepartment of Anatomy, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
Shiika WatanabeDivision of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
Yoshio NagaiDepartment of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kanto Rosai Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan.
Kenjiro KimuraDivision of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan; JCHO Tokyo Takanawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Yugo ShibagakiDivision of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
Atsuko Kamijo-IkemoriDepartment of Anatomy, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan; Institute for Animal Experimentation, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan. Electronic address: a2kamijo@marianna-u.ac.jp.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study assessed whether empagliflozin (EMPA) combined with endurance exercise further improves the soleus muscle in spontaneously diabetic Torii fatty rats, a model of obese type 2 diabetes. Male rats were divided into untreated control, exercise, EMPA, or EMPA + exercise groups. Age-matched Sprague-Dawley rats served as nondiabetic controls. Treadmill training and EMPA (0.03% in chow) were provided from 8 to 16 weeks of age. Both EMPA and the combined intervention improved blood glucose and insulin resistance. Additionally, the combined treatment reduced total cholesterol and triglycerides compared with EMPA alone. The cross-sectional area of type I fibers in the soleus tended to improve with all interventions. Combination treatment significantly enhanced citrate synthase activity, mitochondrial functional protein expression, and autophagic flux. These findings suggest that although EMPA does not adversely affect the soleus muscle, combining it with endurance exercise confers superior benefits via improved mitochondrial status, autophagy, and lipid metabolism.

Indexed as

AutophagyEmpagliflozinExerciseMitochondriaSoleus muscle

Identifiers

PMID42413425
PMCPMC13351120

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.