ArticleCardiovascular therapeutics2026
Joint Association of Cholesterol, High-Density Lipoprotein and Glucose Index, and Circadian Syndrome With Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease: Results From National Longitudinal Prospective Studies.
Article in Cardiovascular therapeutics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and glucose (CHG) index and circadian syndrome (CircS) are potential contributors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study evaluated their independent, combined associations, and interactions with CVD risk.
methodsThe study included participants aged ≥ 45 years without baseline CVD. Participants were classified according to the median or quartile levels of the CHG index and the binary status of CircS. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models, along with Fine-Gray competing risk models assessed individual and joint effects. Both additive and multiplicative interactions were evaluated. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses were conducted to visualize the dose-response relationship between the CHG index and CVD risk. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses assessed the predictive performance with the SCORE2 Asia-Pacific model for CVD at multiple time points.
resultsAmong 6739 eligible participants, 1420 (21.1%) participants developed CVD during follow-up. Both higher CHG index and CircS were independently associated with increased CVD risk. Compared with low CHG index and no CircS, participants with high CHG index and CircS had higher CVD risk (hazard ratio (HR)): 1.67, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.46-1.90). No significant additive or multiplicative interactions were observed, but the significant ones were identified in external validation ELSA cohort. Integrating CHG index and CircS modestly improved SCORE2 Asia-Pacific model predictions, especially for 5-, 7-, and 9-year long-term CVD risk.
conclusionsElevated CHG index and CircS independently associated with a higher risk of CVD. Significant interactions were identified, incorporating them into the SCORE2 Asia-Pacific model modestly enhances long-term CVD risk prediction. These readily measurable markers may therefore be applied to earlier identify high-risk individuals, enabling more targeted CVD prevention strategies and optimize risk management in clinical practice.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.