Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42415940›Full record

Trial reportDrug design, development and therapy2026

The Optimal Dose of Butorphanol Combined with Ropivacaine for Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Patients Undergoing Upper Limb Fracture Surgery: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Clinical Trial.

Xiaopei Gao, Qinxian Wei, Jing Peng, Hongchun Xu, Wuchang Fu, Fangjun Wang

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Drug design, development and therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Xiaopei Gao *Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People's Republic of China.
Qinxian Wei *Department of Anesthesiology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People's Republic of China.
Jing Peng *Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People's Republic of China.
Hongchun Xu *Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People's Republic of China.
Wuchang FuDepartment of Anesthesiology, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, 637000, People's Republic of China.
Fangjun WangDepartment of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People's Republic of China.ORCID 0000-0003-1042-3317

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the optimal dose of butorphanol combined with ropivacaine for supraclavicular brachial plexus block in patients undergoing upper limb fracture surgery. Methods: A total of 100 patients were randomly divided into five groups at a ratio of 1:1:1:1:1 to receive normal saline combined with 0.375% ropivacaine (NS group), 10 μg/kg (B Results: Compared to the NS group, the duration of sensory (352.7 ± 33.1 min vs 512.8 ± 36.2 min, and 538.7 ± 42.3 min) and motor blockade (307.6 ± 24.7 min vs 388.5 ± 37.8 min and 429.8 ± 36.9 min), time of first postoperative rescue analgesia (6.9 ± 0.6 h vs 9.2 ± 0.5 h, and 9.9 ± 0.7 h), and patient satisfaction score (1.1 ± 1.0 vs 2.4 ± 1.0 and 2.6 ± 0.9) were increased more significantly, and the onset time of sensory (16.4 ± 2.4 min vs 9.8 ± 2.6 min and 9.1 ± 2.9 min) and motor blockade (22.1 ± 3.5 min vs 16.8 ± 2.9 min and 16.2 ± 3.7 min), postoperative rescue analgesic dose of dezocine (38.2 ± 7.1 mg vs 24.0 ± 6.4 mg and 22.0 ± 6.2 mg), and dose of propofol (386.8 ± 55.8 mg vs 283.2 ± 42.1 mg, and 266.6 ± 43.0 mg) for intraoperative moderate sedation were lower in the B Conclusion: The optimal synergistic dose of butorphanol combined with ropivacaine for supraclavicular brachial plexus block under intraoperative moderate sedation with propofol was 30 μg/kg, without increasing the incidence of adverse events.

Indexed as

Anesthetics, LocalBrachial Plexus BlockButorphanolFractures, BoneRopivacaineUpper ExtremityAdultDose-Response Relationship, DrugDouble-Blind MethodFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedAnesthetics, LocalButorphanolRopivacainebutorphanolropivacainesupraclavicular brachial plexus blockupper limb fracture

Identifiers

PMID42415940
PMCPMC13340286

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.