Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42416059›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026

Labial-gland artificial intelligence model screening for autoimmune thyroiditis among patients with connective tissue disease.

Jia-Yun Wu, Yuening Kang, Xiao-Min Li, Wen-Qi Xia, Ru-Yi Liao, Zhi-Yang He, Yu-Ling Chen, Ya Wen, Fan-Xuan Meng, Jing-Yu Zhang and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Jia-Yun Wu *Department of Rheumatology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China.
Yuening Kang *Department of Rheumatology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China.
Xiao-Min LiDepartment of Rheumatology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China.
Wen-Qi XiaDepartment of Rheumatology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China.
Ru-Yi LiaoDepartment of Rheumatology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China.
Zhi-Yang HeSmart Healthcare Research Institute, Xunfei Healthcare Technology Co. Ltd, Hefei, China.
Yu-Ling ChenDepartment of Rheumatology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China.
Ya WenDepartment of Rheumatology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China.
Fan-Xuan MengDepartment of Rheumatology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China.
Jing-Yu ZhangDepartment of Rheumatology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China.
Zheng YangDepartment of Pathology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen, University, Shenzhen, China.
Yong RenSmart Healthcare Research Institute, Xunfei Healthcare Technology Co. Ltd, Hefei, China.
Qing LvDepartment of Rheumatology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study is to construct a deep learning-based prediction model to accurately predict the risk of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) in patients with connective tissue disease (CTD) using whole section images (WSI) of labial gland pathological tissue. Methods: This was a retrospective study. The labial gland pathological sections of total 121 CTD patients were collected. According to the results of thyroid autoantibodies, including thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), the patients were divided into positive group (Ab+ Group) and negative group (Ab- Group). The pre-trained model EfficientNet-B5 was used to extract image features, and combined with multi-instance learning and ensemble learning techniques, the high-risk prediction model for CTD patients with AIT was constructed. Result: The integrated model showed excellent prediction performance in both the internal validation set and the external validation set, with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.829. At the same time, the model can effectively identify the key pathological features of labial gland tissues related to the high risk of AIT in CTD patients. Conclusion: This study confirmed that the prediction model of labial gland WSI based on deep learning had good efficacy in evaluating the risk of AIT in CTD patients, which provided a new technical support and theoretical basis for early clinical identification of high-risk groups and optimization of diagnosis and treatment decisions.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceConnective Tissue DiseasesThyroiditis, AutoimmuneAdultAutoantibodiesDeep LearningFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedMultiple-Instance Learning AlgorithmsPredictive Learning ModelsRetrospective StudiesROC CurveAutoantibodiesautoimmune thyroiditisconnective tissue diseasedeep learninglabial glandwhole-slide images

Identifiers

PMID42416059
PMCPMC13337390

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.