ArticleFrontiers in pediatrics2026
Alterations in urinary metals following pulsed 660 nm photobiomodulation in a pediatric patient with autism spectrum disorder: a case report.
Article in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Aluminum neurotoxicity has been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Nonchelation approaches that may influence urinary metal excretion remain largely unexplored. Photobiomodulation (PBM) at 660 nm modulates mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase activity and cellular bioenergetics, with possible downstream effects on renal physiology. Case: A 5-year-old boy with ASD and a historical elevated urinary aluminum result (220 µg/g creatinine at age 3) underwent serial urine toxic metals testing. Methods: Eight spot urine specimens (November 7-19, 2025) were analyzed by ICP-MS/MS (Doctor's Data, Inc.) at Intervention: Pulsed 660 nm PBM via multi-diode red laser (Program #1: 9/33/60 Hz, 15 min/session, 3 × /day) on Days 3-8. Specimens collected as consistent first morning voids. Results: Baseline urinary aluminum was stable (10.0 and 9.8 µg/g creatinine; reference <40). After PBM, aluminum rose to 58 µg/g on Day 3 and peaked at 98 µg/g on Day 7. A severely dilute Day 8 specimen was excluded. At two-month follow-up, aluminum remained above reference (49 µg/g). Mercury exceeded reference in all specimens including baseline. Follow-up mercury rose to 8.4 µg/g creatinine with urine pH >8.0. Conclusion: This case describes a temporal increase in urinary aluminum excretion following pulsed 660 nm PBM. Urinary aluminum alone is insufficient to establish systemic mobilization, reduced tissue burden, or clinical benefit. The observation is hypothesis-generating; controlled studies with verified dosimetry and validated outcomes are warranted.
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