ArticleMaedica2026
Clinical Profile and Severity Spectrum of COVID-19 Patients with and without Comorbidities Admitted to a Tertiary Care Hospital in India.
Article in Maedica, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 severity is influenced by age, sex and chronic comorbidities; therefore, unadjusted comparisons may overestimate the independent effect of comorbidity. Objective: This revised analysis aimed to compare the clinical profile and disease severity of hospitalized COVID-19 patients without comorbidity, with a single comorbidity and with multiple comorbidities, and to determine whether comorbidity status remained associated with severe disease after adjustment for age and sex. Methods: A retrospective record-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 255 adult RT-PCR/RAT-confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Ratlam, Madhya Pradesh, India, from January to March 2021. Patients were categorized as non-comorbid (n=127), single-comorbidity (n=78) and multiple-comorbidity (n=50). Descriptive statistics, chi-square testing, independent t-test and multivariable binary logistic regression were applied. Results: The mean age was higher in comorbid than non-comorbid patients (62.4 ± 12.1 vs 46.2 ± 15.9 years; p<0.001), whereas sex distribution showed no statistically significant difference (p=0.069). Fever (65.49%), cough (53.72%) and dyspnea (33.72%) were the predominant symptoms. Hypertension (71.87%), diabetes mellitus (34.37%) and cardiac disease (12.50%) were the leading comorbidities. Severe disease occurred in 10.23% of non-comorbid patients, 24.36% of single-comorbidity patients and 42.00% of patients with multiple comorbidities (p<0.001). In adjusted analysis, age ≥60 years [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 3.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.62-6.64; p=0.001], male sex (adjusted OR 1.41, 95% CI 0.70-2.86; p=0.338), single comorbidity (adjusted OR 2.05, 95% CI 0.89-4.72; p=0.092) and multiple comorbidities (adjusted OR 3.86, 95% CI 1.56-9.55; p=0.004) were evaluated as predictors of severe disease. Conclusion: Comorbidity burden showed a graded association with COVID-19 severity, particularly among patients with multiple chronic conditions. However, interpretation should account for the confounding effect of age and the limitations of retrospective single-centre data.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.