Transport Across the Blood-Brain Barrier.

Bingmei M Fu, Lyna F Ait Akli

Abstract readReview

In one paragraph

Review in Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Bingmei M FuDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA. fu@ccny.cuny.edu.

Lyna F Ait AkliDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic barrier essential for maintaining the microenvironment of the brain. Although the special anatomical features of the BBB determine its protective role for the central nervous system (CNS) from blood-borne neurotoxins, the BBB extremely limits the therapeutic efficacy of drugs into the CNS, which greatly hinders the treatment of major brain diseases. In addition to describing the unique structures of the BBB, demonstrating a variety of in vivo and in vitro experimental methods for quantification of the transport properties of the BBB, presenting the mathematical model for the paracellular pathway of the BBB, summarizing the modulation of the BBB permeability by chemical and physical stimuli, and proposing drug delivery strategies through specific trans-BBB routes, the updated chapter describes the recently developed 3D in vitro human BBB models, shows a new transcellular model for the transport of therapeutical nanoparticles across the BBB, and presents several clinical studies for systemic drug delivery by MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) guided FUS (focused ultrasound stimulation) for brain diseases.

Indexed as

Blood-Brain BarrierAnimalsBiological TransportDrug Delivery SystemsHumansModels, BiologicalBlood-brain barrier (BBB)Drug delivery across the BBBIn vivo and in vitro modelsMathematical models for para- and transcellular transportModulation of the BBBPermeabilityTransport pathways

Identifiers

PMID42420715

DOI10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb01760.x

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.