Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42421472›Full record

ReviewJournal of medical virology2026

Hijacking the Host: Post-Translational Modifications as Molecular Switches in HIV Persistence and Immune Evasion.

Carlos Armando Jaime Arrambide, Sajad Karampoor, Ihab M Abdelrahim, Natalya V Maloletneva, Rasoul Mirzaei

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of medical virology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Carlos Armando Jaime ArrambideInstituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexican institution of social security, Mexico City, Mexico.
Sajad KarampoorGastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Ihab M AbdelrahimDepartment of Microbiology and Clinical parasitology, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6647-4247
Natalya V MaloletnevaInstitute of Public Health named after F.F. Erisman, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
Rasoul MirzaeiDepartment of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4148-6495

Funding

General Research Project under grant number RGP.2/557/46
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Achieving a functional cure for HIV-1 requires dismantling the molecular circuits that enable viral latency and immune evasion. Beyond transcriptional silencing and epigenetic repression, post-translational modifications (PTMs) of host and viral proteins operate as dynamic molecular switches that regulate all phases of the viral life cycle, from integration and transcription to immune recognition and reservoir maintenance. This review synthesizes recent discoveries across major PTM types, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, acetylation, methylation, glycosylation, and ISGylation, and highlights how these modifications modulate intrinsic and adaptive immunity, chromatin state, protein turnover, and viral RNA metabolism. We further explore how targeting PTM networks offers a promising therapeutic avenue to reverse latency, destabilize reservoirs, or enhance immune clearance with minimal off-target activation. By surveying the HIV-PTM regulatory landscape, we highlight actionable nodes that can inform next-generation strategies for durable remission and immune reprogramming.

Indexed as

HIV-1HIV InfectionsHost-Pathogen InteractionsImmune EvasionProtein Processing, Post-TranslationalVirus LatencyHumansHIV latencyHIV pathogenesisimmune evasionpost‐translational modifications (PTMs)therapeutic targeting

Identifiers

PMID42421472
PMCPMC13348735

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.