ReviewInnovation (Cambridge (Mass.))2026
PROTAC-mediated regulation of programmed cell death: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic breakthroughs.
Review in Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) represent a revolutionary therapeutic strategy that achieves selective protein degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system, offering transformative potential for modulating programmed cell death (PCD) pathways. This review comprehensively examines the central role of PROTACs in regulating critical PCD mechanisms, including ferroptosis induction via GPX4 degradation, pyroptosis regulation through stimulator of interferon genes (STING) targeting, necroptosis modulation by MLKL/RIPK1 degradation, apoptosis activation through BCL-2/MDM2 elimination, and autophagy regulation via dual ubiquitin-proteasome and lysosomal pathways. These approaches effectively address the limitations of traditionally "undruggable" targets while demonstrating unique mechanistic properties and clinical promise. Currently, over 30 PROTAC candidates have entered clinical trials, including the estrogen receptor (ER) degrader ARV-471 for breast cancer and the IRAK4 degrader KT-474 for inflammatory diseases, both showing remarkable efficacy in overcoming drug resistance. While challenges remain in delivery systems, E3 ligase selectivity, and toxicity management, innovative technologies, such as nanocarriers, covalent PROTACs, and novel E3 ligases (e.g., RNF114) are advancing PROTAC applications in oncology, neurodegenerative disorders, and immune-related diseases. Future research will focus on optimizing molecular design, expanding the E3 ligase repertoire, and developing combination therapies. These efforts will establish PROTACs as groundbreaking solutions for intractable diseases, with their precise control of PCD pathways opening new therapeutic avenues. The technology's ability to selectively modulate cell death mechanisms positions it as a transformative approach in precision medicine.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.