Evidence mapPaperPMID 42422091Full record

ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2026

Chemical and enantioselective GC-MS characterization of

Oscar Herrera-Calderon, James Calva, Juan Manuel Guzmán-Flores, Gilmar Peña-Rojas, Vidalina Andia-Ayme, Eddie Loyola-Gonzales, Josefa Bertha Pari-Olarte, José Santiago Almeida-Galindo

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Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Oscar Herrera-CalderonDepartment of Pharmacology, Bromatology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.
James CalvaDepartamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), Loja, Ecuador.
Juan Manuel Guzmán-FloresDepartamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
Gilmar Peña-RojasFaculty of Biological Science, Universidad Nacional de San Cristóbal de Huamanga, Ayacucho, Peru.
Vidalina Andia-AymeFaculty of Biological Science, Universidad Nacional de San Cristóbal de Huamanga, Ayacucho, Peru.
Eddie Loyola-GonzalesFaculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga, Ica, Peru.
Josefa Bertha Pari-OlarteFaculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga, Ica, Peru.
José Santiago Almeida-GalindoFaculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga, Ica, Peru.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Minthostachys mollis (Benth.) Griseb., an aromatic medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicine in Peru, was investigated using an integrated chemical, enantioselective, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory approach. Aim: To characterize the chemical and enantiomeric composition of M. mollis essential oil by GC-MS, evaluate its AChE inhibitory activity in vitro, and explore the molecular interactions of its volatile constituents with human AChE through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Methods: The essential oil (EO) collected from the leaves via steam distillation was analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Enantioselective GC-MS analysis was performed for the first time on this species. AChE inhibitory activity was evaluated in vitro using Ellman's assay, and molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies were performed on human AChE (PDB: 4EY7). Results: GC-MS analysis revealed 33 volatile compounds, of which 30 were structurally identified, accounting for 100% of the total EO composition. Oxygenated monoterpenes were the predominant chemical class (86.24%), with pulegone (63.82%) as the major constituent, followed by carvacrol (5.52%), 1,8-cineole (5.50%), and (E)-isocitral (4.98%). Enantioselective analysis revealed a marked stereochemical preference, including enantiomerically pure (S)-(-)-limonene and (1R,5R)-(+)-sabinene, as well as the predominance of (1S,5S)-(-)-α-pinene (92.54%, e.e. = 84.97%) and (1S,5S)-(-)-β-pinene (80.63%, e.e. = 61.86%). The AChE inhibitory activity showed a moderate inhibitory effect of the EO, with an IC Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive chemical and stereochemical characterization of M. mollis EO, supporting its relevance as a source of bioactive volatile compounds with moderate AChE inhibitory activity.

Indexed as

acetylcholinesteraseAlzheimer’s diseasearomatic plantsenantiomersessential oilLamiaceaemolecular docking

Identifiers

PMID42422091
PMCPMC13341438

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.