Evidence mapPaperPMID 42422417Full record

ReviewCJC pediatric and congenital heart disease2026

Lipid Screening for Cardiovascular Risk in Youth: A Narrative Review of Current Guidelines and Potential Use of Nonfasting Measures.

Reihane Taheri, Olivia Weaver, Jacqueline A Krysa, Donna F Vine, Michael Khoury, Spencer D Proctor

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in CJC pediatric and congenital heart disease, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Reihane TaheriDivision of Human Nutrition, Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Olivia WeaverSchool of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Jacqueline A KrysaDivision of Human Nutrition, Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Donna F VineDivision of Human Nutrition, Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Michael KhouryDivision of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Spencer D ProctorDivision of Human Nutrition, Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Early identification of dyslipidemia in children and youth allows for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Emerging evidence in adults suggests that nonfasting remnant cholesterol (RC) is a significant independent risk factor for CVD. Understanding the applicability of nonfasting RC in youth and children may provide greater options for routine and early identification of CVD risk. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of guidelines for assessing dyslipidemia in practice and to explore whether nonfasting lipid biomarkers and/or RC have been incorporated for children and youth. The Medline database was used to identify clinical practice guidelines published between 2011 and August 2025 in English for children and/or youth aged 2-20 years. Of an initial 2537 citations, 41 met the inclusion criteria for data extraction. Although there is controversy regarding assessing fasting or nonfasting biomarkers in youth, definitions of normal ranges of lipoproteins were less controversial and are typically defined based on the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute recommendations. Most guidelines recommend measuring fasting lipid biomarkers (especially low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) in youth. In contrast, a select number of guidelines and statements recommend assessing nonfasting non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol as the priority. Currently, no guidelines discuss measuring RC in youth. Evidence suggests that nonfasting non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is a reliable, practical biomarker for lipid screening in children and youth; however, most guidelines still suggest fasting measurement of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. We note that nonfasting RC is an important knowledge gap not addressed in the current guidelines, and increasing awareness of nonfasting RC may be valuable.

Indexed as

cardiovascular diseaseslipid screeninglipoproteinslow-density lipoprotein cholesterolnon-high density lipoprotein cholesterolremnant cholesteroltriglycerideyouth

Identifiers

PMID42422417
PMCPMC13343429

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.