ReviewClinical hypertension2026
Hypertension in chronic kidney disease: where do international guidelines converge and diverge?
Review in Clinical hypertension, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Office Blood Pressure and Arteriolosclerosis in Biopsy-Proven Glomerulonephritis: Association With Renal Function Decline and Clinical Outcomes.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In recent years, major scientific societies have updated their hypertension guidelines, each incorporating specific recommendations for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Across societies, there is strong consensus on standardized office and out-of-office blood pressure (BP) measurement, as well as systematic assessment of estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria, with confirmation of abnormalities and regular monitoring. Moderate-to-severe CKD is universally recognized as a major determinant of cardiovascular (CV) risk and is frequently considered equivalent to established CV disease, thereby supporting earlier and more intensive BP treatment. Although BP thresholds for treatment initiation and on-treatment BP targets remain debated, there is broad agreement on the preferential use of dual-agent combination therapy, including surely renin-angiotensin system inhibitors in patients with albuminuric CKD-together with calcium-channel blockers or diuretics, with diuretic selection largely guided by renal function. Moreover, contemporary guidelines increasingly emphasize disease-modifying strategies, including sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in selected patients, to improve cardio-renal outcomes. Despite differences in definitions, targets, and treatment algorithms, all guidelines converge on a patient-centered approach prioritizing cardio-renal protection, adherence, and individualized care. With this review, we summarize and compare key recommendations for patients with CKD from the 2023 European Society of Hypertension (ESH), the 2024 European Society of Cardiology, the 2021 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes, and the 2025 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology guidelines, with the aim of supporting clinicians in navigating guideline complexity and optimizing hypertension management in CKD.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.