Evidence mapPaperPMID 42422673Full record

ArticleFrontiers in public health2026

A multi-stakeholder perspective on barriers to the adoption of personalized prevention in European healthcare systems.

Alexandra Costa, Maria Luís Cardoso, Adriana Reimão Carvalho, Tommaso Osti, Sara Farina, Abdelrahman Taha, Cosimo Savoia, Luigi Russo, Alessandra Maio, Nicolò Scarsi and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Alexandra CostaDepartment of Health Promotion and NCDs Prevention, National Health of Institute Doctor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal.
Maria Luís CardosoDepartment of Health Promotion and NCDs Prevention, National Health of Institute Doctor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal.
Adriana Reimão CarvalhoDepartment of Health Promotion and NCDs Prevention, National Health of Institute Doctor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal.
Tommaso OstiSection of Hygiene, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Sara FarinaSection of Hygiene, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Abdelrahman TahaSection of Hygiene, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Cosimo SavoiaSection of Hygiene, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Luigi RussoSection of Hygiene, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Alessandra MaioSection of Hygiene, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Nicolò ScarsiSection of Hygiene, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Evelina FlodkvistDepartment of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Alexandra GyllenbergDepartment of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Stefania BocciaSection of Hygiene, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Astrid Moura VicenteDepartment of Health Promotion and NCDs Prevention, National Health of Institute Doctor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Personalized prevention is an important component of personalized medicine, tailoring interventions to the biological, behavioral, sociocultural and environmental characteristics of individuals for the prevention of disease onset, progression and recurrence. Despite its potential, personalized preventive interventions (PPI) remain less commonly implemented in clinical practice. This study explored the main barriers to a broader adoption of PPI in European healthcare systems. Methods: A multi-stakeholder consultation involving citizens/patients, health professionals, researchers, and policymakers was conducted using a sequential mixed-methods approach. In the first phase, semi-structured interviews with key informants representing different stakeholder groups were conducted. The thematic analysis of interview findings, complemented by insights from a review of the literature, informed the development of an online survey implemented in the second phase of the study. Results: Twenty-six interviews and 270 complete surveys were analyzed. Stakeholders identified barriers across three main domains: (1) healthcare systems, (2) implementation, and (3) awareness, education, and literacy. Key barriers associated with limited PPI adoption included the predominant focus of health strategies on treatment over prevention, unresolved ethical, legal, and social issues (ELSI), limited awareness and knowledge of personalized prevention among both professionals and citizens, and the lack of appropriate cost-benefit evaluation models. Conclusion: Findings highlight interconnected barriers that may impact a broader PPI adoption across healthcare system, governance, implementation, and awareness-related domains. Continued stakeholder dialogue and engagement, alongside efforts to address awareness and governance-related challenges, may support the broader integration of PPI into European healthcare systems.

Indexed as

Delivery of Health CarePrecision MedicineStakeholder ParticipationEuropeFemaleHumansInterviews as TopicMaleQualitative ResearchSurveys and Questionnairesclinical practicegeneticsinterventionsnon-communicable diseasespersonalized prevention

Identifiers

PMID42422673
PMCPMC13341729

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.