Evidence mapPaperPMID 42422911Full record

SynthesisBrain and behavior2026

Clinical, Radiological, and Immunohistological Distinctions Between Limbic-Predominant and Typical Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review.

Guilherme Linha Secco, Kashif Qureshi, Murtaja Satea, Pedro Henrique Karpinski, Kim Wouters, Mateus Cordeiro Merlim da Silva, Sravan Reddy Ganta, Enzo von Quednow, Edgar Daniel Guzmán-Ríos, Khalil St Brice and 5 more

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Brain and behavior, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Guilherme Linha SeccoState University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil.
Kashif QureshiDepartment of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7734-0567
Murtaja SateaDepartment of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0413-5861
Pedro Henrique KarpinskiState University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil.
Kim WoutersOpen University Department of Psychology, Heerle, The Netherlands.
Mateus Cordeiro Merlim da SilvaFederal University of Parana, Parana, Brazil.
Sravan Reddy GantaOsmania Medical College, Hyderabad, India.
Enzo von QuednowDepartment of Clinical Neurophysiology, Former Resident Albacete University Hospital Complex, Albacete, Spain.
Edgar Daniel Guzmán-RíosDepartment of Medicine, Family Justice Center, SSA, Tepic, México.
Khalil St BriceUniversity of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trindad.
Mahi DsouzaGeorgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Ailton FernandesState University of Maringa, Maringá, Brazil.
Noor Najah NooriCollege of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
Bipin ChaurasiaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Clinic, Birgunj, Nepal.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8392-2072
Kivanc YangiDepartment of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-218X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide and one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among elderly people. It is characterized by generalized brain atrophy, especially affecting the hippocampus and medial temporal lobe. In this context, new subtypes of AD have been documented, including a limbic-predominant subtype (LP), and the current literature is insufficient to clarify the similarities and differences between these subtypes and the typical presentation. Recently, new studies have proposed a clinical criterion for LP amnestic syndrome, separating it from AD. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the clinical, radiological, and immunohistological distinctions between those two presentations.

methodsThis study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Notable databases were utilized for sources: PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Baseline characteristics, clinical, radiological, and immunohistological features, and follow-up times were recorded. Screening was performed using the Rayyan system, and quality assessment was conducted using appropriate tools.

resultsAfter reviewing 211 articles, screening yielded 21 articles, totaling 11,315 patients. Among these, 1178 (15.7%) presented with LP and 4159 (36.7%) with AD. A total of 5378 (47.6%) had a different presentation, including hippocampal sparing only and the association of LP and typical AD. The weighted average for education in years was 24.31 for LP patients and 17.15 for typical AD patients. The weighted average for age at onset was 72.33 for typical AD patients and 77.36 for LP patients. For the duration of the disease, the weighted average for typical AD was 8.95, and it was 8.43 for LP. There were no differences in clinical presentation, with cognitive impairment and memory deficits being the most cited manifestations. MRI and FDG-PET are the most commonly used imaging techniques; in typical AD patients, different levels of hippocampal and medial, lateral parietal, and frontotemporal lobe atrophy are observed. In LP patients, imaging findings revealed lower hippocampal volume and higher metabolic rates than in typical AD patients. MRI R2 relaxometry in LP patients revealed lower R2 relaxation rates in the amygdala, hippocampus, and temporal lobe white matter compared with typical AD patients. Tau-PET imaging in typical AD patients demonstrated elevated standardized uptake value ratios in the parietal and posterior cingulate cortex. The immunohistological findings revealed a greater hippocampal tau burden than in cortical regions and a greater number of TDP-43 inclusions in LP patients than in typical AD patients. Typical AD patients had a weighted average of 20.06 and LP patients 17.7.

conclusionOur analysis of clinical, radiological, and immunohistological features revealed significant differences between LP and typical AD presentations. However, those findings alone cannot reliably determine accuracy, whether both presentations are stages of the same pathology or different diseases. More studies need to explore this field to further examine this topic.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseLimbic SystemAtrophyHippocampusHumansTemporal Lobehippocampal atrophylimbic‐predominant Alzheimer's diseaseneurofibrillary tanglesTDP‐43 pathology

Identifiers

PMID42422911
PMCPMC13347164

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.