Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42422977›Full record

ArticleJournal of medical virology2026

Tracking COVID-19 Severity and Progression Through Amines and Lipid Mediators.

Melissa Goris, Merys Valdez, Lieke Lamont, Wei Yang, Amy Harms, Naama Karu, Sabine Bos, Jelte Geerlings, Tom Ottenhoff, Roula Tsonaka and 6 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of medical virology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Melissa GorisMetabolomics and Analytics Center, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3024-6286
Merys ValdezMetabolomics and Analytics Center, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Lieke LamontMetabolomics and Analytics Center, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Wei YangMetabolomics and Analytics Center, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Amy HarmsMetabolomics and Analytics Center, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Naama KaruTasmanian Independent Metabolomics and Analytical Chemistry Solutions (TIMACS), Hobart, Australia.
Sabine BosMetabolomics and Analytics Center, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Jelte GeerlingsMetabolomics and Analytics Center, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Tom OttenhoffLeiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.
Roula TsonakaDepartment of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3466-5401
Anna He RoukensLeiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.
M Sesmu ArbousDepartment of Intensive Care Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.
Simone A JoostenLeiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.
Thomas HankemeierMetabolomics and Analytics Center, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Alida KindtMetabolomics and Analytics Center, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
In collaboration with BEAT‐COVID group

Funding

Leiden University FundNederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek 175.2019.032Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek 184.034.019TKI-LSH LSHM20060
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exhibits a broad spectrum of severity, ranging from mild to critical cases. To reduce mortality and costs, tailored early interventions for at-risk patients are essential. This study elucidates the association between longitudinal metabolomic profiles and COVID-19 severity and progression. We analyzed metabolomic profiles from a subset of the BEAT-COVID cohort, a modestly sized yet well-characterized and longitudinally sampled COVID-19 cohort. The study comprises hospitalized patients sampled approximately twice weekly for up to 60 days after symptom onset during the first (29 patients, n = 92 samples) and second (48 patients, n = 112 samples) waves. Alongside sampling, daily disease severity was assessed using the Severity of Coronavirus Disease Assessment (SCODA) score. Associations were analyzed using univariate and multivariate linear mixed-effect models. Perturbations in the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway, linoleic acid derivatives, endocannabinoids, and sphingosines were significantly associated with disease severity and progression. These metabolic changes correlated with immune markers reflecting COVID-19 severity. Some observed potential differences between the two waves could be partially attributed to the influence of corticosteroid treatment introduced during the second wave. Once confirmed in an independent validation cohort, the identified oxidative stress- and inflammation-related metabolites may serve as biomarkers of disease progression, help identify at-risk hospitalized patients, and provide potential therapeutic targets.

Indexed as

AminesCOVID-19AgedBiomarkersDisease ProgressionFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMetabolomeMetabolomicsMiddle AgedSARS-CoV-2Severity of Illness IndexAminesBiomarkerscorticosteroidsCOVID‐19immune markersmetabolomicsprogressionseverity

Identifiers

PMID42422977
PMCPMC13347278

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.