Evidence mapPaperPMID 42423302Full record

ArticleThe Australian journal of rural health2026

Evaluating the Scale-Up and Sustainability of the Paediatric ESCALATION System in Country Western Australia: A Multi-Methods Study.

Eileen Boyle, Pamela Laird, Gavin D Leslie, Scott Stokes, Jenni Andrew, Jon Howard, Melanie Robinson, Tania Harris, Fenella J Gill

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Article in The Australian journal of rural health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Eileen BoyleFaculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9485-3271
Pamela LairdThe Kids Research Institute Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9799-0471
Gavin D LeslieFaculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8939-9801
Scott StokesKimberley Regional Paediatric Service, Broome Hospital, Western Australia Country Health Service (Kimberley), Kununurra, Western Australia, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6983-1724
Jenni AndrewWestern Australia Country Health Service, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Jon HowardWestern Australia Country Health Service, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Melanie RobinsonPerth Children's Hospital, Child and Adolescent Health Service, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0349-2333
Tania HarrisHealth Consumers Council, Mount Lawley, Western Australia, Australia.
Fenella J GillFaculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4697-9640

Funding

Western Australian Future Health and Innovation Fund, Government of Western Australia
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo identify factors influencing implementation and integration of the paediatric ESCALATION system in country Western Australia. SETTING AND

participantsHealth professionals (nurses and doctors) working in country Western Australia. DESIGN AND

methodsA multi-methods study using an interpretive descriptive approach guided by the Practical Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM) and Normalisation Process Theory (NPT). Data collection across six sites included patient chart audit, health professional survey and focus groups/interviews. Data were analysed descriptively (audit and survey) and thematically (focus groups/interviews).

resultsAn audit of 94 patient charts showed 61.7% met escalation of care criteria, while 69.0% of cases were escalated per policy. Among 114 survey responses, findings indicated system integration, with 95.6% reporting ESCALATION was part of their role, 93.5% agreeing it supported early detection of clinical deterioration and 93.8% reporting ease of use. Fewer identified local champions (66.7%), had confidence in others' use of the system (61.1%), reported sufficient training (69.0%), or were aware of reports demonstrating system effectiveness (55.0%). Seventy-eight health professionals participated in focus groups/interviews. Three themes were interpreted through the PRISM and NPT frameworks: (i) Enhanced patient safety (intervention characteristics and participants' perspectives; coherence; cognitive participation), (ii) Strengthening clinical decision-making (implementation and sustainability infrastructure; cognitive participation; collective action), (iii) Monitoring and fidelity (implementation and sustainability infrastructure, external; collective action; reflexive monitoring).

conclusionThe paediatric ESCALATION system is embedded and valued, but sustaining fidelity through scale-up requires ongoing training, teamwork, confident communication and organisational support across regional, rural and remote WA health services.

Indexed as

Child Health ServicesPediatricsRural Health ServicesChildFocus GroupsHumansProgram EvaluationWestern Australia

Identifiers

PMID42423302
PMCPMC13348011

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.