Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42423844›Full record

SynthesisBrain imaging and behavior2026

Associations between olfactory dysfunction and structural MRI findings in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review.

Yasaman Alikhani, Amin Zolfaghari, Farshad Shahkarami, Homa Seyedmirzaei

Abstract readSystematic ReviewReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Brain imaging and behavior, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Yasaman Alikhani *School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
Amin Zolfaghari *Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
Farshad ShahkaramiDepartment of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Homa SeyedmirzaeiOccupational Sleep Research Center, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Homa_Sdmr@yahoo.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Olfactory dysfunction is a common and early non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD). Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) studies have reported changes in olfactory-related brain regions, but findings remain inconsistent. This review synthesizes MRI evidence to clarify neuroanatomical correlates of olfactory dysfunction in PD. We performed a systematic review to find the associations between olfactory dysfunction and structural MRI findings in people with PD. A systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science yielded 20 eligible studies. The eligible studies involved 1,092 patients with PD. Although there were inconsistent regions of interest and types of analysis, we identified structural changes in the olfactory sulcus and bulb, cortical gray matter, hippocampus, parahippocampus, and basal ganglia that are associated with olfactory dysfunction. Olfactory dysfunction in PD is linked to structural changes in primary olfactory, limbic, and cortical regions. These MRI findings may serve as early biomarkers, but standardized, longitudinal studies are needed to confirm their diagnostic or prognostic value.

Indexed as

BrainMagnetic Resonance ImagingOlfaction DisordersParkinson DiseaseHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingOlfactory impairmentParkinson’s diseaseSmellStructure

Identifiers

PMID42423844

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.