ArticleScientific reports2026
The effect of Punicalagin on tongue carcinoma cells viability and angiogenesis by regulating TGF-β signalling pathway: an in vitro study.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Punicalagin (PUN) is a major bioactive ellagitannin derived from pomegranate and showed a potential anticancer property on several cell lines, no studies investigate its effect on tongue carcinoma cells. The present study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic and antiangiogenic effects of PUN on human tongue carcinoma cell line. The viability of the tongue carcinoma cell line was assessed following treatment with PUN (250, 200, 150, 100, and 50 µmol) for 24 h using MTT assay. In addition, the calculated (IC 50) was used for apoptosis validation using Annexin-V/Propidium Iodide (PI) flow cytometry, angiogenesis investigation using endothelial tube formation assay, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) expression on human tongue carcinoma cells after treatment with Punicalagin using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The vitality of tongue carcinoma cells treated with PUN was 61.1 ± 4.36% and the untreated cells were 98 ± 2%. Flow cytometry confirmed that treatment with 185 µmol/mL of PUN induced significant apoptosis, yielding 51.3% apoptotic cells, 2.3% necrotic cells, and 46.7% viable cells. Regarding tubules no. HPF Untreated cells had a statistically significant higher value (5.83 ± 1.94) than cells treated with PUN (3.17 ± 1.17) (p = 0.023). The junction no/HPF had a higher value in untreated cells (5.50 ± 2.43) than in cells treated with PUN (3.33 ± 1.37) yet the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.119). The Tube length showed a statistical significance between untreated cells (5.28 ± 0.77) and cells treated with PUN (1.83 ± 0.26) (p = 0.004). The values for lobules no/HPF were higher in untreated cells (2.67 ± 0.52) than in cells treated with PUN (1.67 ± 0.82) yet the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.053). The expression of TGF-β gene showed a significantly higher value in untreated cells (0.97 ± 0.03) than in cells treated with PUN (0.02 ± 0.01) (p = 0.004). These initial in vitro observations indicate an anticancer effect of PUN on tongue carcinoma cells through the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell viability and angio-mimetic tube formation, closely correlating with the downregulation of TGF-β gene expression. This provides a possible preliminary therapeutic direction to the study of tongue carcinoma.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.