Evidence mapPaperPMID 42427265Full record

ReviewJournal of Parkinson's disease2026

Is continuous dopaminergic delivery still a major goal to be achieved in the treatment of Parkinson's disease?

Giulia Di Lazzaro, Angelo Tiziano Cimmino, Anna Rita Bentivoglio, Fabrizio Stocchi, Paolo Calabresi

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of Parkinson's disease, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Giulia Di LazzaroUOC Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-2413-1788
Angelo Tiziano CimminoNeurology Section, Departments of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-9298-565X
Anna Rita BentivoglioUOC Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Fabrizio StocchiDepartment of Neurology, University San Raffaele Roma and Institute for Research and Medical Care IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy.
Paolo CalabresiUOC Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Dopaminergic drugs represent the cornerstone in the symptomatic management of Parkinson's disease motor manifestations, although their long-term use is associated with the appearance of motor fluctuations and dyskinesias. The correlation between pulsatile plasmatic levels of dopaminergic drugs and motor complications suggested that a central continuous dopaminergic stimulation (CDS) could prevent their development. Therefore, several methods have been implemented to provide more stable plasmatic levels of dopaminergic drugs and obtain a continuous drug delivery (CDD). Nevertheless, CDD does not necessarily mean CDS, since other peripheral pharmacokinetic factors intervene before the striatal dopamine release, along with central pharmacodynamic mechanisms. Here, we provide an overview of the different pharmacological approaches taken over time to reach CDS, with limitations and questions that remain open.

Indexed as

Antiparkinson AgentsDopamine AgentsDrug Delivery SystemsParkinson DiseaseAnimalsHumansLevodopaAntiparkinson AgentsDopamine AgentsLevodopacontinuous dopaminergic stimulationcontinuous drug deliveryL-DOPA-induced dyskinesiasmotor fluctuationsParkinson's disease

Identifiers

PMID42427265
PMCPMC13435185

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.