ReviewFrontiers in oncology2026
Global stomach cancer burden from high-sodium diet and smoking: 1990-2021 findings & 2040 projections.
Review in Frontiers in oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Stomach cancer remains a major global health burden, and high sodium intake and smoking are key modifiable risk factors, yet their long-term and future contributions to global mortality and disability remain unclear. Objective: (1) assess the global burden of stomach cancer linked to high sodium intake and smoking from 1990 to 2021; (2) forecast the burden from 2021 to 2040. Methods: We used Global Burden of Disease 2021 data to calculate age- and sex-specific death and DALYs rates, percentage changes, and population attributable fractions for high sodium intake and smoking. Results: In 2021, 7.9% and 11.2% of global age-standardized stomach cancer deaths were attributed to high sodium intake and smoking, respectively, with men and older adults most affected. East Asia had the highest death and DALY rates, and High-income North America and Western Sub-Saharan Africa the lowest; Mongolia and Bolivia topped sodium-related rates, while Morocco and Nigeria were lowest. From 1990 to 2021, sodium-related mortality rose most in Egypt and fell most in South Korea; smoking-related deaths rose in Egypt and Lesotho but fell in Singapore. High-middle SDI regions bore the greatest burden, and projections to 2040 predict global declines in death and DALY rates for both risks. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the need for targeted, region- and gender-specific policies to curb stomach cancer risk from high sodium intake and smoking, providing policymakers with vital data for effective public health interventions.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.