ArticleCirculation reports2026
Mitigating Iatrogenic Air Entrainment During Pulsed Field Ablation: A Comparative Study of a Novel Submerged-Entry Technique Using the VARIPULSE
Article in Circulation reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Systemic air embolism remains a critical risk during left atrial procedures, particularly during the frequent exchanges required in pulsed field ablation (PFA). In this study we evaluated the air intrusion patterns using the VARIPULSE Methods and Results: Using an ex vivo water-tank model, we monitored the insertion of the VARIPULSE Conclusions: Even with smaller profile sheaths such as the 8.5Fr VIZIGO®, a continuous saline drip may be insufficient. The Adapter Sink effectively minimized air intrusion and optimized manpower by requiring only a single operator, unlike manual suction, which relies on an assistant. However, further in vivo or clinical studies are warranted to validate the feasibility of our setup under physiological conditions.
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