ReviewFrontiers in human neuroscience2026
The efferent pathway hypothesis-A mini-review on conditioned immune enhancement.
Review in Frontiers in human neuroscience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Conditioned immune responses demonstrate that learned sensory cues can modulate peripheral immunity without re-exposure to the original immunological trigger. In 2026, this research area reaches the centennial of early Pavlovian immune-reflex experiments that already reported conditioned leukocyte shifts and enhancement-like resistance to infection. Although modern psychoneuroimmunology has been shaped largely by conditioned immunosuppression, conditioned immune enhancement remains comparatively less explored despite its relevance to anticipatory host defense, immune surveillance, tumor biology, and neuroimmune regulation. This mini review focuses on the efferent, or recall, pathways of conditioned immune enhancement and separates them from afferent acquisition signals and central cue-immune-state representations. Classical odor-conditioning paradigms using camphor and the viral mimic polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid identified interferon-
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.