Evidence mapPaperPMID 42430178Full record

ArticleCNS neuroscience & therapeutics2026

Personality Traits and Their Association With Medication Non-Adherence in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.

Pegah Mashhadiakbar, Michael Hecker, Niklas Frahm, Julia Baldt, Bassel Barhoum, Katja Burian, Silvan Elias Langhorst, Janina Meißner, Barbara Streckenbach, Avinash Mohnish Suntah and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Pegah MashhadiakbarNeuroimmunology Section, Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5140-7646
Michael HeckerNeuroimmunology Section, Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7015-3094
Niklas FrahmNeuroimmunology Section, Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4655-774X
Julia BaldtNeuroimmunology Section, Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.
Bassel BarhoumNeuroimmunology Section, Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.
Katja BurianNeuroimmunology Section, Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.
Silvan Elias LanghorstNeuroimmunology Section, Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8286-693X
Janina MeißnerNeuroimmunology Section, Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8530-0696
Barbara StreckenbachNeuroimmunology Section, Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.
Avinash Mohnish SuntahNeuroimmunology Section, Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.
Jörg RichterFaculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5823-9618
Felicita HeidlerDepartment of Neurology, Ecumenic Hainich Hospital gGmbH, Mühlhausen, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7948-958X
Uwe Klaus ZettlNeuroimmunology Section, Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system that typically requires lifelong treatment. The management of MS relies on a multifaceted approach that includes disease-modifying therapy along with the treatment of acute relapses, MS-related symptoms, and comorbid conditions. Medication adherence is crucial for achieving favorable treatment outcomes, but non-adherence remains a prevalent issue. The aim of this study was to explore how individual personality traits and other factors contribute to suboptimal adherence in people with MS (pwMS).

methodsA total of 397 pwMS were included in this cross-sectional study. Personality traits were assessed through patient questionnaires using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory and the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised. Additionally, the pwMS were screened for symptoms of anxiety and depression. The patients were divided into two groups based on their self-reported adherence to prescribed and/or non-prescribed medication. These groups were compared regarding psychometric, sociodemographic, clinical, medication, and vaccination-related data.

resultsA subset of the pwMS (19.9%, n = 79) stated that they skip or miss a medication at least once a month. On average, these patients were significantly younger, had lower disability scores and a lower disease severity than the adherent pwMS. The non-adherent patients also had significantly lower scores for self-directedness and compassion as well as higher scores for shyness, self-forgetfulness and anxiety. A higher proportion of non-adherent than adherent pwMS were diagnosed with depression (24.1% vs. 14.5%). Dimethyl fumarate and interferon beta-1b were prescribed over two times more frequently in the non-adherent pwMS group.

conclusionThis study shows that personality traits are related to medication use in pwMS. Together with clinical-demographic factors, they contributed to the prediction of non-adherence in exploratory multivariable analyses. Individual patient characteristics should therefore be considered in the identification of pwMS who may have difficulties adhering to their treatment. This would facilitate targeted discussions about concerns such as side effects and the provision of support to improve medication management.

Indexed as

Medication AdherenceMultiple SclerosisPersonalityAdultCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPersonality InventorySurveys and Questionnairesanxietycomorbiditiesdepressionmedication adherencemultiple sclerosispersonality traitspolypharmacytemperament and character

Identifiers

PMID42430178
PMCPMC13353282

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.