Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42430414›Full record

ArticlePloS one2026

Estimating SARS-CoV-2 exposure in asymptomatic hospitalized children with cancer in Western Kenya: A retrospective analysis of serological data.

Katarina M DiLillo, Catherine S Forconi, Angela Matta, Jeni Melo, Ryan P McNamara, Ronald Tonui, Festus N'juguna, Juliana A Otieno, Boaz Odwar, Ann Kinyua and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Katarina M DiLilloDepartment of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2425-676X
Catherine S ForconiDivision of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America.
Angela MattaDivision of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America.
Jeni MeloDivision of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America.
Ryan P McNamaraDepartment of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
Ronald TonuiDepartment of Pathology, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya.
Festus N'jugunaDepartment of Child Health and Pediatrics, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya.
Juliana A OtienoMinistry of Health, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kisumu, Kenya.
Boaz OdwarCenter for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.
Ann KinyuaCenter for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.
Douglas A LauffenburgerDepartment of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.
Ann M MoormannDivision of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America.

Funding

Impact of malaria on shaping immunity to EBV in the etiology of Burkitt lymphomaR01CA189806 · NCI · UNIV OF MASSACHUSETTS MED SCH WORCESTER · PI MOORMANN, ANN M · 2014 to 2024
$5.7M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA189806
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, concerns emerged that hospital-based care could increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among pediatric patients with cancer, especially in resource-limited settings where the capacity to isolate patients would be challenging. Yet, infection rates in this population remain poorly documented, and it is unclear whether prior common human coronavirus (HCoV) exposures influence SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses. Here, we used serology to estimate SARS-CoV-2 exposure in children with and without cancer from Western Kenya and evaluated responses to common HCoVs to explore cross-reactivity.

methodsWe performed multiplex antibody profiling to assess SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-specific responses in plasma from children with and without cancer sampled between 2014 and 2022. Unsupervised clustering identified participants with elevated SARS-CoV-2 seroreactivity relative to pre-pandemic samples. Seropositivity was further defined using a multi-antigen approach based on IgG levels to nucleocapsid and receptor-binding domain antigens to improve specificity. Cross-reactivity and cross-boosting by common HCoVs were evaluated through correlation analyses and groupwise comparisons of antibody levels, respectively.

resultsOf 564 children, 474 were healthy (184 pre-pandemic; 290 post-pandemic) and 90 had cancer (16 pre-pandemic; 74 post-pandemic). Post-pandemic, 69% (200) of healthy controls exhibited elevated SARS-CoV-2 seroreactivity, with 51% (148) meeting the criteria for seropositivity. Children with cancer showed similar rates of seroreactivity (67%) and seropositivity (57%) after adjusting for sampling year, with incidence increasing annually from 2020 to 2022. Pre-pandemic samples exhibited weak cross-reactivity to HCoV-OC43 which increased following SARS-CoV-2 infection; however, no significant boosting of HCoV antibodies was observed.

conclusionsThese findings indicate widespread SARS-CoV-2 exposure among children in Western Kenya and provide no evidence that hospitalization heightened infection risk for pediatric patients with cancer.

Indexed as

COVID-19NeoplasmsSARS-CoV-2AdolescentAntibodies, ViralChildChild, HospitalizedChild, PreschoolCross ReactionsFemaleHumansImmunoglobulin GInfantKenyaMaleRetrospective StudiesAntibodies, ViralImmunoglobulin G

Identifiers

PMID42430414
PMCPMC13354098

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.