Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42432029›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Nutritional assessment, multi-platform phytochemical profiling, and biological activities of Centaurea calcitrapa L. based on GC-MS and HPLC analysis.

Fatma N Mahmoud, Sahar K M Kenawy, Ali A Badawy, Nashaat N Mahmoud

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Fatma N MahmoudBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science (Girls Branch), Al- Azhar University, Cairo, 11754, Egypt.
Sahar K M KenawyBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science (Girls Branch), Al- Azhar University, Cairo, 11754, Egypt.
Ali A BadawyBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt.
Nashaat N MahmoudBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt. nashaat_mahmoud@azhar.edu.eg.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The rise of antibiotic resistance and metabolic disorders has led to increased interest in plant-derived bioactive compounds Centaurea calcitrapa L., a medicinal plant rich in phenols and flavonoids, has been traditionally used in folk medicine; however, data regarding the nutritional composition and biological activities of its aerial flowering parts remain limited. This study evaluated the phytochemical profile, nutritional composition, and biological properties of the aerial flowering parts of C. calcitrapa. Proximate analysis indicated a nutritional value of 145.45 ± 10.03 kcal/100 g, with a high content of organic matter (87.8 ± 1.13%) and moisture (63.27 ± 3.05%). The plant contained crude fiber (25.47 ± 1.94%), carbohydrates (17.61 ± 0.95 g/100 g), proteins (13.05 ± 1.94 g/100 g), fats (2.53 ± 0.2%), and free amino acids (5.29 ± 0.23 g/100 g). Ash analysis showed total ash (12.2 ± 1.13%), with notable water-soluble (10.12 ± 0.97%) and acid-soluble ash (9.85 ± 0.84%). Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of flavonoids, phenols, saponins, and moderate tannins, while quantitative analysis demonstrated high levels of total flavonoids (178.42 ± 19.81 mg QE/g) and phenolic content (112.85 ± 6.56 mg GAE/g), indicating strong phytochemical richness. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze petroleum ether extract and identify 50 plant constituents, mostly fatty acids and hydrocarbons, with oleic acid (48.426%) and palmitic acid (15.834%) as the main constituents. HPLC analysis of the methanolic extract revealed 15 phenolic compounds, including rutin, apigenin, quercetin, kaempferol, epicatechin gallate, and protocatechuic acid. The methanolic extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity, with DPPH scavenging activity reaching 90.16 ± 1.13% at 1000 µg/mL and an IC

Indexed as

CentaureaPhytochemicalsPlant ExtractsAntioxidantsChromatography, High Pressure LiquidFlavonoidsGas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryNutritive ValuePhenolsAntioxidantsFlavonoidsPhenolsPhytochemicalsPlant ExtractsAntibacterialAntidiabetic activityAntioxidantCentaurea calcitrapa L.Nutritional compositionPhytochemicals

Identifiers

PMID42432029
PMCPMC13354793

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.