ArticlePharmacoEconomics - open2026
Economic Impact of PromarkerD In Vitro Diagnostic Testing on the Management of Chronic Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes: A Budget Impact Analysis.
Article in PharmacoEconomics - open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThis study evaluated the clinical and economic impact of integrating Promarker
methodsA 10-year budget impact model simulated outcomes and costs of one million adults with T2D receiving standard of care (SoC) alone or SoC plus PromarkerD testing providing risk-stratified management. Model inputs were derived from published literature and included disease progression probabilities and healthcare costs associated with CKD, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), PromarkerD testing, and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) therapy. Costs were discounted at 3% annually. Scenario and one-way sensitivity analyses assessed parameter uncertainty. Results were translated to covered lives and national diagnosed T2D populations using epidemiologic prevalence estimates.
resultsThe model predicted that PromarkerD-guided early intervention delayed CKD progression, as reflected by reduced transition to advanced CKD stages over time, reduced ESRD incidence by ~6.4%, and reduced mortality by ~5.1% within 10 years. The PromarkerD-guided intervention generated net savings of US $1.2 billion (net present value) per million individuals over the study period. Annual savings began in year 4 (US $116 million), and cumulative savings became positive by year 6 (US $288 million). Results were most sensitive to assumptions regarding treatment benefit in moderate-risk individuals and baseline SGLT2i use but remained cost-offsetting across most scenarios.
conclusionsIn this model-based analysis, PromarkerD-guided risk stratification enabled earlier intervention, was associated with delayed CKD progression, reduced ESRD incidence and mortality, and demonstrated long-term cost offsets from a US payer perspective. The magnitude of economic impact depends on the timely implementation of treatment in response to early risk identification in real-world practice.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.