ArticleBMC oral health2026
Evaluation of toxic and essential metal content in selected children's, adult, and herbal toothpastes available in Türkiye: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Article in BMC oral health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundToothpastes are widely used oral care products and may contain trace and heavy metals originating from raw materials or manufacturing processes. Continuous monitoring of both toxic and essential metal content is therefore important to ensure consumer safety, particularly for products intended for children. MATERIALS AND
methodsFifteen commercially available toothpaste products marketed in Türkiye were purchased and classified as children's, adult, or herbal formulations. Samples were digested using microwave-assisted nitric acid digestion and analyzed for aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Metal concentrations were compared according to target group, formulation type, and country of manufacture using non-parametric statistical tests.
resultsMercury and arsenic were below the detection limits in all samples. Cadmium and lead were detected at concentrations within internationally recommended safety limits, while nickel, chromium, copper, zinc, aluminum, and iron were reported at varying concentrations without direct comparison to specific regulatory threshold values due to the lack of established limits for these metals in toothpaste products. No statistically significant differences were observed between children's and adult toothpastes or between herbal and conventional formulations (p > 0.05). However, toothpastes manufactured in Türkiye exhibited significantly higher chromium concentrations compared to imported products (p = 0.028).
conclusionThe evaluated toothpaste products contained low levels of potentially toxic metals, with concentrations remaining within accepted safety limits. The findings suggest general compliance with international regulations; however, periodic surveillance remains important, particularly for products intended for children.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.