Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42432817›Full record

ArticleJournal of diabetes2026

Clinical Characteristics of Diabetic Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy in Korean Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes.

Seon Mee Kang, Kyong Hye Joung, Chong Hwa Kim, Jae-Seung Yun, Jong Chul Won, Jae Hyuk Lee, Chang Won Lee, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Ie Byung Park, Tae Sun Park

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of diabetes, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Seon Mee KangDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
Kyong Hye JoungDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Sejong, Republic of Korea.
Chong Hwa KimDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Sejong General Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea.
Jae-Seung YunDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
Jong Chul WonDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Gimpo Woori Hospital, Gimpo, Republic of Korea.
Jae Hyuk LeeDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
Chang Won LeeDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Busan St. Mary's Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.
Hyuk-Sang KwonDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Ie Byung ParkDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
Tae Sun ParkDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonju Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimThis study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and factors associated with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in Korean individuals with long-standing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

methodsA total of 876 participants with long-standing T2DM were enrolled in this multicenter cross-sectional study. CAN was evaluated using standard cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests (CARTs) and corrected QT interval (QTc), with additional heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. CAN severity was classified as early, definite, or severe. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors independently associated with CAN.

resultsCAN was detected in 88.4% of participants. Individuals with CAN showed reduced HRV indices and prolonged QTc intervals. Multivariable analysis revealed advanced age (OR = 1.062; 95% CI: 1.035-1.091; p < 0.0001) and higher systolic blood pressure (OR = 1.036; 95% CI: 1.022-1.051; p < 0.0001) as factors independently associated with CAN.

conclusionCAN is highly prevalent among Korean individuals with long-standing T2DM. Older age and elevated systolic blood pressure were independently associated with CAN, highlighting the importance of routine CAN screening and careful blood pressure management.

Indexed as

Autonomic Nervous System DiseasesCardiovascular DiseasesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetic NeuropathiesAgedBlood PressureCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHeart RateHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceRepublic of KoreaRisk Factorsassociated factorscardiovascular autonomic neuropathyheart rate variabilityKoreaQTc intervalsubgroup analysistype 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID42432817
PMCPMC13354749

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.