ArticleIranian journal of pathology2026
LAPTM4B and MMP9 Immunohistochemical Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Relation to Clinicopathological Features and Prognostic Implications in Egyptian Patients.
Article in Iranian journal of pathology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background & Objective: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Lysosomal-associated transmembrane protein 4B (LAPTM4B) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) are overexpressed in various cancers; however, their relevance in HCC is not well defined, particularly among Egyptian patients. This study aimed to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of LAPTM4B and MMP9 in HCC and to assess their associations with clinicopathological features. Methods: Seventy-five HCC cases with matched adjacent non-tumorous areas were retrospectively examined. The mean patient age was 53.33 ± 9.07 years, with a 4.36:1 male-to-female ratio. The mean follow-up duration was 25.6 months. Overall survival was 58.7% (44/75), while 41.3% (31/75) died during follow-up. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate LAPTM4B and MMP9 expression, and correlations with clinicopathological features were analyzed. Results: LAPTM4B and MMP9 were overexpressed in tumor tissues compared with adjacent non-tumorous areas (p < 0.001). Higher LAPTM4B expression was associated with female gender (p = 0.043), older age (p = 0.041), lower alpha-fetoprotein levels (p = 0.042), and poorer overall survival (p = 0.022). Higher MMP9 expression correlated with tumor grade and lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.026). A positive correlation was observed between LAPTM4B and MMP9 H-scores (p < 0.038). Conclusion: LAPTM4B and MMP9 are overexpressed in HCC and show significant associations with tumor behavior. LAPTM4B correlates with features linked to prognosis, while MMP9 reflects aggressive tumor behavior. Their concurrent upregulation suggests involvement in overlapping biological processes. These findings support further evaluation of LAPTM4B and MMP9 as potential prognostic biomarkers in Egyptian patients; however, evaluation of mechanistic and therapeutic implications requires additional study.
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