ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Engineering with EP2/EP4 knockout and IL-15 transpresentation renders stem cell-derived NK cells self-persistent and resistant to PGE2 inhibition.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Adoptive Natural Killer (NK) cell transfer is a promising therapy for the treatment of cancer. We developed a GMP-compliant protocol to generate NK cells from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC-NK). However, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment - especially prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signaling via E-prostanoid receptors EP2 and EP4- and lack of persistence of allogeneic NK cells hinders HSPC-NK therapeutic efficacy. Here, we enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of HSPC-NK cells by interfering with both EP2 and EP4 with antagonists or CRISPR-KO, and through engineering with IL-15 tethered to membrane-bound IL-15Rα (tIL15). We found that CRISPR interference of EP2 and EP4 fully rescued proliferation and potency of HSPC-NK cells under PGE2 rich conditions. In addition, combined EP2/EP4 KO and tIL15 engineering renders HSPC-NK cells resistant to PGE2, while improving their survival and functionality against different tumor targets in cytokine-deprived environments. Altogether, our EP2/EP4-KO tIL15-HSPC-NK cells pose a promising therapy for cancer.
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