Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42433394›Full record

ArticleMicroplastics and nanoplastics2026

Polyamide and polyvinyl chloride microplastics induce cytotoxicity and cytokine release in primary normal human bronchial epithelial cells.

Yvonne C M Staal, Irene F Gosselink, Y Y Lianne Sander, Jolanda P Vermeulen, Evert Duistermaat, Jeroen L A Pennings, Alexander H V Remels, Flemming R Cassee

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Microplastics and nanoplastics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Yvonne C M StaalNational Institute for Public Health & the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Irene F GosselinkDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Y Y Lianne SanderNational Institute for Public Health & the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Jolanda P VermeulenNational Institute for Public Health & the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Evert DuistermaatNational Institute for Public Health & the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Jeroen L A PenningsNational Institute for Public Health & the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Alexander H V RemelsDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Flemming R CasseeNational Institute for Public Health & the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Our daily and continuous exposure to airborne micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) together with the limited information on their potential hazards, warrants the need for more information on MNP-toxicity. In this study, we investigated the effects of diverse size ranges of amorphous MNPs from environmentally relevant polymers, on Air-Liquid-Interface (ALI)-cultured Normal Human Bronchial Epithelial cells (NHBEs) by analyzing immunological response parameters 24 h after exposure. In addition, we have used this setup to compare the responses of NHBEs to MNPs using nebulization or quasi-ALI (small droplet) exposure. NHBEs responded differently to exposures of polyamide (PA) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) particles at nominal doses between 0.003 and 0.100 µg/cm Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43591-026-00200-w.

Indexed as

Air-liquid interfaceInflammatory responseInhalation toxicologyMicroplasticsNanoplasticsNebulizationQuasi-ALI

Identifiers

PMID42433394
PMCPMC13350118

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.