ArticleFrontiers in public health2026
Development and validation of a scale of healthy psychological effects of physical exercise among Chinese college students from a multidimensional mental health perspective.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Physical exercise promotes mental health among college students, but existing studies often assess general mental health or limited psychological indicators, making it difficult to capture comprehensive healthy psychological effects after exercise. This study aimed to develop and validate the Methods: An initial scale was developed through theoretical analysis, literature review, semi-structured interviews, and open-ended questionnaires. In an initial sample of 612 college students, item analysis and exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation were conducted to screen items and identify factor structures. A formal sample of 945 participants was used to examine reliability and validity through Cronbach's α, composite reliability (CR), average variance extracted (AVE), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and criterion-related validity testing. Test-retest reliability was assessed in 597 participants after 1 month. Results: The final scale contained 55 items across five subscales: emotional feelings, self-cognition, frustration coping, self-control and social adaptation efficacy, and interpersonal interaction, comprising 15 subdimensions. Exploratory factor analyses supported clear three-factor structures for each subscale, with cumulative variance explained ranging from 62.546 to 73.711%. CFA indicated good fit for the five subscales (χ Conclusion: The scale demonstrates sound reliability and validity and can be used to assess exercise-related healthy psychological effects among college students.
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