Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42433404›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in public health2026

Development and validation of a scale of healthy psychological effects of physical exercise among Chinese college students from a multidimensional mental health perspective.

Feiyang Liu, Zhengguang Zhu, Rongqiao He, Yu Zhu, Liya Guo

Abstract readValidation Study
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Feiyang LiuSchool of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
Zhengguang ZhuResearch Center of Mental Health Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
Rongqiao HeSchool of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
Yu ZhuSchool of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
Liya GuoSchool of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Physical exercise promotes mental health among college students, but existing studies often assess general mental health or limited psychological indicators, making it difficult to capture comprehensive healthy psychological effects after exercise. This study aimed to develop and validate the Methods: An initial scale was developed through theoretical analysis, literature review, semi-structured interviews, and open-ended questionnaires. In an initial sample of 612 college students, item analysis and exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation were conducted to screen items and identify factor structures. A formal sample of 945 participants was used to examine reliability and validity through Cronbach's α, composite reliability (CR), average variance extracted (AVE), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and criterion-related validity testing. Test-retest reliability was assessed in 597 participants after 1 month. Results: The final scale contained 55 items across five subscales: emotional feelings, self-cognition, frustration coping, self-control and social adaptation efficacy, and interpersonal interaction, comprising 15 subdimensions. Exploratory factor analyses supported clear three-factor structures for each subscale, with cumulative variance explained ranging from 62.546 to 73.711%. CFA indicated good fit for the five subscales (χ Conclusion: The scale demonstrates sound reliability and validity and can be used to assess exercise-related healthy psychological effects among college students.

Indexed as

ExerciseMental HealthStudentsAdaptation, PsychologicalAdolescentAdultChinaFactor Analysis, StatisticalFemaleHumansMalePsychometricsReproducibility of ResultsSurveys and QuestionnairesUniversitiesYoung Adultcollege studentshealthy psychological effectsmental healthphysical exercisescale development

Identifiers

PMID42433404
PMCPMC13352479

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.