Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42433706›Full record

ArticleHealth science reports2026

Dyspnea in Chemical War Victims Exposed to Sulfur Mustard: A Narrative Review of Respiratory Distress in Survivors.

Mahboobeh Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar, Shakeeb H Moosavi, Mohammad Hossein Boskabady

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health science reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Mahboobeh Ghasemzadeh RahbardarShahid Hasheminejad Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Islamic Republic of Iran.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5491-572X
Shakeeb H MoosaviDepartment of Biological and Medical Sciences Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University Oxford UK.
Mohammad Hossein BoskabadyApplied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Islamic Republic of Iran.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5736-9755

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background and Aims: Dyspnea, a prevalent symptom among victims of chemical warfare exposed to sulfur mustard, presents substantial physiological and pharmacological challenges. Inhaling sulfur mustard in warfare may result in significant respiratory distress, emphasizing the necessity of investigating the underlying processes and treatment options for dyspnea in this population. Methods: A comprehensive search was performed on Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus with no time constraints, including keywords such as "chemical war victims", "veterans", "respiratory distress", "dyspnea", and "sulfur mustard". Relevant articles were reviewed to collect information about dyspnea in chemical war victims. Results: Various studies reported the dyspnea due to exposure to sulfur mustard. Dyspnea in chemical war victims is triggered by physiological mechanisms such as airway inflammation, pulmonary edema, and oxidative stress. Pharmacological interventions including bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and oxygen therapy play an essential role in controlling dyspnea. These therapies have been found to be beneficial in reducing respiratory distress and improving the quality of life in affected individuals. Conclusion: Dyspnea in chemical warfare victims exposed to sulfur mustard is a complex condition that requires a multidisciplinary approach for optimal management. Understanding the physiological mechanisms that underlying dyspnea and applying appropriate pharmacological therapies are essential to achieving better respiratory outcomes in this patient population. Continued research and collaborative efforts are critical to provide care and support for people suffering from dyspnea as a result of sulfur mustard exposure.

Indexed as

chemical warfareinflammationmustard gasoxygenpulmonary edemarespiratory distress syndrome

Identifiers

PMID42433706
PMCPMC13351312

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.