ArticleHealth science reports2026
Dyspnea in Chemical War Victims Exposed to Sulfur Mustard: A Narrative Review of Respiratory Distress in Survivors.
Article in Health science reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
Background and Aims: Dyspnea, a prevalent symptom among victims of chemical warfare exposed to sulfur mustard, presents substantial physiological and pharmacological challenges. Inhaling sulfur mustard in warfare may result in significant respiratory distress, emphasizing the necessity of investigating the underlying processes and treatment options for dyspnea in this population. Methods: A comprehensive search was performed on Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus with no time constraints, including keywords such as "chemical war victims", "veterans", "respiratory distress", "dyspnea", and "sulfur mustard". Relevant articles were reviewed to collect information about dyspnea in chemical war victims. Results: Various studies reported the dyspnea due to exposure to sulfur mustard. Dyspnea in chemical war victims is triggered by physiological mechanisms such as airway inflammation, pulmonary edema, and oxidative stress. Pharmacological interventions including bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and oxygen therapy play an essential role in controlling dyspnea. These therapies have been found to be beneficial in reducing respiratory distress and improving the quality of life in affected individuals. Conclusion: Dyspnea in chemical warfare victims exposed to sulfur mustard is a complex condition that requires a multidisciplinary approach for optimal management. Understanding the physiological mechanisms that underlying dyspnea and applying appropriate pharmacological therapies are essential to achieving better respiratory outcomes in this patient population. Continued research and collaborative efforts are critical to provide care and support for people suffering from dyspnea as a result of sulfur mustard exposure.
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