ArticleAnnals of medicine and surgery (2012)2026
Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis following bacterial pneumonia managed with dexamethasone monotherapy: a case report.
Article in Annals of medicine and surgery (2012), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare hyperinflammatory syndrome in adults, resulting from uncontrolled immune activation and a cytokine storm, and is frequently misdiagnosed because its manifestations closely resemble severe infection or sepsis, particularly when triggered by bacterial pneumonia. Case presentation: A 63-year-old woman presented with 1 week of fever, cough, and dyspnea despite outpatient antibiotic treatment. Investigations confirmed right-sided lobar pneumonia caused by Clinical discussion: Infection-associated HLH is commonly triggered by viral infections but can rarely occur secondary to bacterial infections, such as Conclusion: This case highlights the need for increased suspicion of HLH in patients with unremitting fever and progressive cytopenias, despite appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Dexamethasone monotherapy may be considered a potential alternative for select patients who cannot tolerate or do not consent to cytotoxic chemotherapy.
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