Evidence mapPaperPMID 42434465Full record

ArticleACS materials Au2026

Engineering Metal-Organic Framework-Biopolymer-Based Hydrogels for Therapeutic Delivery.

Talia A Shmool, Néis Lartigue, Xu Liu, Jinjie Zhu, Maungo R Poomore, Robert D Hunter, Paul F McKay, Jesús Barrio, Theoni K Georgiou, Robin J Shattock

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in ACS materials Au, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Talia A ShmoolDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0415-3050
Néis LartigueDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
Xu LiuDepartment of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
Jinjie ZhuDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
Maungo R PoomoreDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
Robert D HunterDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
Paul F McKayDepartment of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5195-6254
Jesús BarrioDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4147-2667
Theoni K GeorgiouDepartment of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4474-6931
Robin J ShattockDepartment of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Biopolymer-based hydrogels are attractive therapeutic carriers, offering tunable physicochemical properties and therapeutic release kinetics. Major limitations include low rheological strength, poor physical and thermal stability, limited swelling, and achieving controlled therapeutic delivery. To address these challenges, a library of innovative metal-organic framework (MOF)-biopolymer-based hydrogels was developed. The MOFs, zeolitic imidazole framework-8 (ZIF-8), and zinc adeninate framework (ZAF) were integrated into chitosan/alginate (C/A) and chitosan/gelatin (C/G) hydrogels, at increasing chitosan content. The MOF-hydrogels presented distinct immunoglobulin G (IgG) release rates and greater rheological strengths, swelling capabilities, and thermostabilities compared to the MOF lacking hydrogels. The MOF-C/A-hydrogels showed higher rheological strengths compared to the MOF-C/G-hydrogels. The ZIF-8-hydrogels presented greater rheological strengths, yet lower thermostabilities, and higher IgG release rates compared to the ZAF-hydrogels. This is attributed to the greater flexibility of ZAF, containing bulky adenine groups, which could lead to steric hindrance and limited zinc ion-dipole interactions. Holistically, exploiting ion-dipole, electrostatic, and hydrogen bonding interactions between the MOFs and biopolymers enabled therapeutic release rate control and balanced the typical trade-off between hydrogel swelling and rheological strength. The MOF-hydrogels offer adaptable platforms, advancing the design of next-generation MOF-biopolymer-based carriers for target applications.

Indexed as

advanced characterizationbiopolymersdrug deliveryhydrogelsmetal−organic frameworks

Identifiers

PMID42434465
PMCPMC13352276

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.