Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42434730›Full record

ArticleMaterials today. Bio2026

A metabolic amplification strategy for spherical nucleic acid immunogenicity driven by simvastatin-CpG codelivery.

Lulu Zhang, Lin Yu, Jiaxi Zhu, Yuan Ding, Zheng Wang, Ruihong Yu, Lina Jiao, Zhimin Zhang, Yan Ma, Jinli Shi and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Materials today. Bio, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Lulu ZhangInstitute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
Lin YuInstitute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
Jiaxi ZhuInstitute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
Yuan DingInstitute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
Zheng WangInstitute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
Ruihong YuInstitute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
Lina JiaoInstitute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
Zhimin ZhangInstitute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
Yan MaInstitute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
Jinli ShiInstitute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
Zhenguang LiuInstitute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) are a promising platform for immunotherapy, although their limited innate immune activation may constrain therapeutic performance. Here, we report a simvastatin-CpG SNAs (S-SNAs) system that integrates a metabolic modulator with CpG to enhance immune activation. Mechanistically, simvastatin is found to potentiate CpG-induced innate immune signaling, likely through modulation of the mevalonate pathway, resulting in regulated macrophage activation in vitro. Integration into the SNAs architecture is associated with improved cellular uptake and enhanced RBD-specific humoral immune responses in vivo. In a murine melanoma model, the engineered S-SNAs exhibit antitumor activity and are associated with prolonged survival under the experimental conditions, without evident systemic toxicity. Overall, this work suggests that metabolic modulation may represent a useful strategy for improving the immunological performance of nucleic acid-based nanostructures.

Indexed as

Cancer immunotherapyHumoral immunityMetabolic immune modulationMevalonate pathwaySpherical nucleic acids

Identifiers

PMID42434730
PMCPMC13351184

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.