Evidence mapPaperPMID 42434976Full record

ArticleThe oncologist2026

GLP-1 receptor agonist use and overall survival among women with type 2 diabetes and breast cancer: a retrospective cohort study.

Rebecca A Nelson, Ying-Chuen Lai, Sung H Kil, Hayley S Lee, Joanne Mortimer, Ping H Wang

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Article in The oncologist, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Rebecca A NelsonDepartment of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-1678-6285
Ying-Chuen LaiDepartment of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, 100229, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0003-0377-8056
Sung H KilArthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-5152-6692
Hayley S LeeArthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, United States.
Joanne MortimerDepartment of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-2935-1934
Ping H WangDepartment of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-7847-7752

Funding

Ko Family Foundation, Allen and Lee Hwa Chao Research Fund, and Tseng Visiting Scholar Fellowship
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDiabetes and obesity are associated with worse prognosis in women with breast cancer. However, the impact of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) on survival following breast cancer diagnosis remains unclear.

methodsWe conducted a single institution, propensity-score matched, retrospective, 2-year landmark study of women with type 2 diabetes (T2D) diagnosed with breast cancer at City of Hope (2009-2025). Patients were categorized based on post-diagnosis exposure to GLP-1RA. Patients were compared across exposure groups using t-tests for continuous variables, chi-square tests for categorical variables, multivariable Cox proportional hazards models for overall mortality risk, and Kaplan-Meier plots for survival time.

resultsIn 226 matched pairs, there were 47 deaths (30 in unexposed patients and 17 in exposed patients). GLP-1RA exposure was associated with a significantly lower risk of overall mortality (HR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.28-0.93, P = .03) on multivariable analysis. A sensitivity analysis in stage I-III patients yielded similar results (HR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.23-0.85, P = .01). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis also showed an association between increased overall survival and GLP-1RA exposure (log-rank P = .02).

conclusionsIn this retrospective cohort of women with T2D and breast cancer, GLP-1RA use after diagnosis was associated with improved overall survival in T2D. These findings reflect all-cause mortality and do not distinguish between cancer-specific and non-cancer causes of death and should therefore be interpreted accordingly.

Indexed as

Breast NeoplasmsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHypoglycemic AgentsAgedFemaleHumansMiddle AgedPrognosisRetrospective StudiesGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHypoglycemic Agentsbreast neoplasmsdiabetes mellitusglucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonistsmortality

Identifiers

PMID42434976
PMCPMC13395082

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.