Evidence mapPaperPMID 42436668Full record

ArticleMetabolism open2026

Prevalence and associated factors of malnutrition among adults living with HIV on ART: a pilot study.

Panagiotis Provias, Eleni C Pardali, Aleks Pepa, Arriana Gkouvi, Dimitrios Poulimeneas, Christina Tsigalou, Maria Dalamaga, Dimitrios G Goulis, Dimitrios P Bogdanos, Maria G Grammatikopoulou

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Article in Metabolism open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Panagiotis ProviasDepartment of Nutritional Sciences & Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Alexander Campus, Sindos, P.O. Box 141, Thessaloniki, GR-57400, Greece.
Eleni C PardaliImmunonutrition and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa, GR-41223, Greece.
Aleks PepaDepartment of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75th Iera Odos Str., Athens, GR-11855, Greece.
Arriana GkouviImmunonutrition and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa, GR-41223, Greece.
Dimitrios PoulimeneasDepartment of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, University of the Peloponnese, Kalamata, GR-24100, Greece.
Christina TsigalouLaboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital, Alexandroupolis, GR-68100, Greece.
Maria DalamagaDepartment of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GR-11527, Greece.
Dimitrios G GoulisUnit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece.
Dimitrios P BogdanosImmunonutrition and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa, GR-41223, Greece.
Maria G GrammatikopoulouImmunonutrition and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa, GR-41223, Greece.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is widely used in the management of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and has substantially improved clinical outcomes and reduced mortality. However, despite these benefits, individuals receiving ART remain at risk of malnutrition. This pilot study aimed to assess the prevalence of malnutrition and depressive symptoms, as well as patterns of physical activity and appetite, among people living with HIV (PWH) on ART, in a Greek population. Methods: A total of 44 PWH on ART participated in the study. Malnutrition was evaluated using three validated screening tools, namely the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), and the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA). Depressive symptoms, appetite status, dietary intake and knowledge, and physical activity levels (PAL) were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Council on Nutrition Appetite Questionnaire (CNAQ), and the Athens Physical Activity Questionnaire (APAQ), respectively. Multivariate and univariate regression analyses examined associations between malnutrition risk and sociodemographic and clinical variables. K-means clustering was used to identify participant phenotypes based on nutritional and lifestyle characteristics. Results: The prevalence of malnutrition was low, at 4.5% according to MNA and MUST, but 0% according to the SGA, with poor concordance observed between the three screening tools. Higher depressive symptom scores were independently associated with increased odds of malnutrition, while greater PAL were associated with reduced risk. K-means clustering identified two distinct phenotypic groups; younger participants with lower BMI, and lower PAL showed increased risk of malnutrition according to MUST ( Conclusion: Although malnutrition prevalence was low, it was associated with greater depressive symptoms, lower PAL and BMI, and younger age, underscoring the need for comprehensive, multidimensional assessment and integrated care approaches addressing nutritional, psychological, and lifestyle factors.

Indexed as

AIDSAppetite lossDepressionDietDietary intakeHIVImmunonutritionIsoniazidLipodystrophyMalnutritionMental healthNutritional knowledgeNutritional statusObesityPhysical activityStavudineTenofovir alafenamideWastingZidovudine

Identifiers

PMID42436668
PMCPMC13355231

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.