Five years of wastewater surveillance reveal COVID-19-Associated amplification and seasonal shifts in

Anastasia Zafeiridou, Foteini Pitaouli, Georgia Georgakopoulou, Nikolaos Thomaidis, Athina Markou

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Anastasia ZafeiridouLaboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.

Foteini PitaouliLaboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.

Georgia GeorgakopoulouLaboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.

Nikolaos ThomaidisLaboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.

Athina MarkouLaboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has intensified in recent years, raising concerns about the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on AMR dynamics. However, the influence of pandemic on the enviromental occurrence and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) remains under investigation. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) provides an integrated view of community-level AMR dynamics, yet long-term assessments spanning the pandemic period remain limited. This study investigated the occurrence, temporal patterns, and seasonal behavior of two clinically relevant carbapenemase genes,

Indexed as

Antimicrobial resistanceAntimicrobial resistance genesblaKPCblaNDMWastewater-based epidemiology

Identifiers

PMID42436810

DOI10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101503

PMCPMC13355205

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY-NC

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.