ArticleAnalytical chemistry2026
Electrochemical Biosensor-Based Evaluation of Cholinergic Biomarkers in Experimental Nephropathy.
Article in Analytical chemistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
This study presents a rapid method for evaluating cholinesterase (ChE) activity using an amperometric choline biosensor based on an enzymatic membrane incorporating choline oxidase (ChOx) and a selectivity-providing acetylated cellulose layer. The developed biosensor shows a linear response range of 5-500 μM for choline with a sensitivity of 32.2 ± 0.3 μA/(mM cm2), enabling the determination of choline in serum. The biosensor was also adapted for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) determination, achieving LODs of 0.003 and 0.005 U/ml, respectively, with a linear range up to 0.5 U/ml. Notably, the biosensor retains 88% of its initial sensitivity after 28 days of use. Two experimental rat nephropathy models were investigated: mild nephropathy induced by folic acid and advanced nephropathy induced by doxorubicin. A strong correlation between the proposed biosensor and colorimetric analysis was observed in rat serum samples (R2 = 0.988 for ChE; R2 = 0.979 for BChE), confirming its reliability and suitability. Biochemical parameter analysis of rat serum samples revealed a positive correlation between total protein levels and ChE/BChE activity, and a negative correlation between C-reactive protein, ALT, and TBK-AP levels and ChE/BChE activity. Furthermore, ChE and BChE activity was closely associated with nephropathy severity markers, including serum creatinine and urea concentrations. Increasing nephropathy severity was associated with a progressive decrease in cholinesterase activity. These findings highlight ChE activity as a potential indicator of nephropathy progression as well as hepatotoxicity and demonstrate the applicability of the proposed choline biosensors as accurate and efficient tools for wide-profile point-of-care biochemical analysis.
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